Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Abstract

Millions of lives are saved each year through blood transfusion. Nevertheless, blood unscreened for transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) is a major public health problem. The prevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV and syphilis among blood donors reflect the status in the community hence the need for this study. A total of 108 donors comprising 11 family replacement donors, 32 voluntary donors and 65 paid donors were tested for antibodies to HIV, HBsAg, HCV and, syphilis using rapid serological screening methods. Among the 108 blood donors screened at the Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH) Elele, the prevalence rates of HIV, HBsAg and HCV were 5.6%, 4.6% and 2.8%, respectively. All of the subjects tested negative to syphilis. The percentage positive based on the donor source was 4.6%, 4.6% and 0.9% for HIV, HBsAg and HCV, respectively among the paid donors, 1% for HIV among the voluntary donor and 1.9% for HCV among the family replacement donors. The prevalence rate for HIV and HBsAg co-infection was 0.9% as only one donor tested positive to both. Blood donors in MUTH Elele are relatively safe but efforts should be intensified in ensuring maximum safety. This can be achieved by screening, counseling and creating awareness on the need to donate blood voluntarily.

Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon

“…This was slightly higher than the values from similar studies in the littoral region (13.7%) and North West 55555555555 region (10.5%) of Cameroon respectively [ 10 , 11 ]. It was also slightly higher than the values from studies in Ethiopia (12.4%) [ 19 ], Kenya (12%) [ 27 ], and Nigeria (13%) [ 28 ]. However, it was comparable to studies from Mozambique (18.7%) [ 29 ], and Ghana (18.3%) [ 30 ], but lower than the values in studies from Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia (29.5%) [ 21 ], Equatorial Guinea (47.4%) [ 31 ], and Edea, Cameroon (21.2%) [ 32 ].…”

Sero-prevalence of transfusion transmittable infections: HIV, Hepatitis B, C and Treponema pallidum and associated factors among blood donors in Ethiopia: A retrospective study

“…The prevalence of HBV in this study is lower than the prevalence reported by other studies in most African countries. For instance, a study done in Nigeria, Mozambique and Equatorial Guinea had showed HBV (HBsAg) prevalence of 10.9%, 10.6%, 10.01% in their respective blood donors [ 17 , 26 , 31 ]. The socio-cultural difference, variances in population risks, high endemicity for HBV in most African countries might be the possible reasons for these differences.…”

“…HCV prevalence in Gondar, Jigjiga and Hawasa were 0.8%, 0.7% & 0.6% respectively [ 11 , 29 , 32 ]. The prevalence of HCV in blood donors in Equatorial Guinea was 3.7% [ 31 ], in Kenya and Nigeria, it was 3.2% and 2.8% respectively [ 17 , 21 ]. As in other TTIs, the reason for the difference could be attributed to the prevalence of HCV in general population, difference in risk factors, and access to screening, care and support facilities.…”

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Type 1 in Donors of the National Blood Transfusion Center of Libreville (Gabon)

“…This could be explained by the concern to know their serological status for free in a blood bank after having consented to risky sex before. Some studies carried out in some countries like Pakistan, Cameroon, the Netherlands, the Central African Republic (CAR) and Nigeria have also shown that new donors have high seropositivity [17,[19][20][21][22]. Sexual partner multiplicity was a risk factor that was statistically associated with HIV infection and significant (P = .001).…”