An estimate of the contribution of HIV infection to the recent rise in tuberculosis in England and Wales

Rose, Angela; Sinka, Katy; Watson, John M.; Mortimer, Janet; Charlett, André

doi:10.1136/thorax.57.5.442

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Approximately 90% of those infected show no immediate symptoms owing to the activity of the cell-mediated immune response. The current high mortality levels are primarily due to co-infection with HIV and the associated immunosuppression (Rose et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co–infection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisandMycobacterium lepraein human archaeological samples: a possible explanation for the historical decline of leprosy

et al. 2005

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Both leprosy and tuberculosis were prevalent in Europe during the first millennium but thereafter leprosy declined. It is not known why this occurred, but one suggestion is that cross-immunity protected tuberculosis patients from leprosy. To investigate any relationship between the two diseases, selected archaeological samples, dating from the Roman period to the thirteenth century, were examined for both Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA, using PCR. The work was carried out and verified in geographically separate and independent laboratories. Several specimens with palaeopathological signs of leprosy were found to contain DNA from both pathogens, indicating that these diseases coexisted in the past. We suggest that the immunological changes found in multi-bacillary leprosy, in association with the socio-economic impact on those suffering from the disease, led to increased mortality from tuberculosis and therefore to the historical decline in leprosy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co–infection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisandMycobacterium lepraein human archaeological samples: a possible explanation for the historical decline of leprosy

et al. 2005

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“…The expanding caseloads of opportunistic infections correspond to a rising number of immune-compromised patients, many of whom self-medicate (20,25,37,43). Potential or adventitious pathogens in households pose a particular threat to such patients (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of Shower Curtain Biofilm Microbes

Kelley

Theisen

Angenent

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

128

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Households provide environments that encourage the formation of microbial communities, often as biofilms. Such biofilms constitute potential reservoirs for pathogens, particularly for immune-compromised individuals. One household environment that potentially accumulates microbial biofilms is that provided by vinyl shower curtains. Over time, vinyl shower curtains accumulate films, commonly referred to as "soap scum," which microscopy reveals are constituted of lush microbial biofilms. To determine the kinds of microbes that constitute shower curtain biofilms and thereby to identify potential opportunistic pathogens, we conducted an analysis of rRNA genes obtained by PCR from four vinyl shower curtains from different households. Each of the shower curtain communities was highly complex. No sequence was identical to one in the databases, and no identical sequences were encountered in the different communities. However, the sequences generally represented similar phylogenetic kinds of organisms. Particularly abundant sequences represented members of the ␣-group of proteobacteria, mainly Sphingomonas spp. and Methylobacterium spp. Both of these genera are known to include opportunistic pathogens, and several of the sequences obtained from the environmental DNA samples were closely related to known pathogens. Such organisms have also been linked to biofilm formation associated with water reservoirs and conduits. In addition, the study detected many other kinds of organisms at lower abundances. These results show that shower curtains are a potential source of opportunistic pathogens associated with biofilms. Frequent cleaning or disposal of shower curtains is indicated, particularly in households with immune-compromised individuals.

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“…Although PCR is more sensitive (85-95%) than microscopy and bacteriological culture on pulmonary specimens. It does not distinguish live from killed bacilli 11,12 . Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are employed in circumstance where an abdominal or pelvic mass is present 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Genital Tuberculosis

Ahmed

Shaha²,

Begum

et al. 2018

Faridpur Med Coll J

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Abstract:The incidence of genital tuberculosis varies widely with the social status of the patient and her environment. The incidence is about 1% amongst gynecological patients attending the outpatient department in the developing country. Genital TB may be asymptomatic and the majority of women are diagnosed during investigations of infertility. Genital system TB represents 15-20% of extrapulmonary TB and is usually asymptomatic affecting mainly young women in the reproductive age group. Here we presented a case of genital TB which was diagnosed during laparotomy. After confirmation of diagnosis by histopathology, the case was successfully managed by anti-tubercular therapy for 9 months.

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An estimate of the contribution of HIV infection to the recent rise in tuberculosis in England and Wales

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Co–infection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisandMycobacterium lepraein human archaeological samples: a possible explanation for the historical decline of leprosy

Co–infection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisandMycobacterium lepraein human archaeological samples: a possible explanation for the historical decline of leprosy

Molecular Analysis of Shower Curtain Biofilm Microbes

Female Genital Tuberculosis

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