An enhanced sum rate in the cluster based cognitive radio relay network using the sequential approach for the future Internet of Things

Abstract

The cognitive radio relay plays a vital role in cognitive radio networking (CRN), as it can improve the cognitive sum rate, extend the coverage, and improve the spectral efficiency. However, cognitive relay aided CRNs cannot obtain a maximal sum rate, when the existing sensing approach is applied to a CRN. In this paper, we present an enhanced sum rate in the cluster based cognitive radio relay network utilizing a reporting framework in the sequential approach. In this approach a secondary user (SU) extends its sensing time until right before the beginning of its reporting time slot by utilizing the reporting framework. Secondly all the individual measurement results from each relay aided SU are passed on to the corresponding cluster head (CH) through a noisy reporting channel, while the CH with a soft-fusion report is forwarded to the fusion center that provides the final decision using the n-out-of-k-rule. With such extended sensing intervals and amplified reporting, a better sensing performance can be obtained than with a conventional non-sequential approach, therefore making it applicable for the future Internet of Things. In addition, the sum rate of the primary network and CCRRN are also investigated for the utilization reporting framework in the sequential approach with a relay using the n-out-of-k rule. By simulation, we show that the proposed sequential approach with a relay (Lemma 2) provides a significant sum rate gain compared to the conventional non-sequential approach with no relay (Lemma 1) under any condition.

An Energy Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio-Internet of Things with Interference Constraints

“…Currently, the flexible sensing time slot, τ p s , of the proposed ED method is calculated by each CR-IoT user in a CR-IoT network with interference constraints for scenario II which is seen in Fig. 4 of the following format [2]:…”

“…Nowadays the Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most rising network applications that connects the billions of networking devices across the globe to the Internet world and permits connectivity among devices, all networking appliances can collect and share data continuously over the internet to achieve better value and services [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Nevertheless, there are several challenges that abate the outgrowth of IoT networks such as its requires greater bandwidth for connecting a lot number of hybrid communication devices and services, ensuring the security of a massive number of heterogeneous devices and networks, high implementation cost, lack of adequate spectrum and more energy required than the conventional communication systems [7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…The feasibility of the proposed ED method is evaluated when compared with the conventional ED method for scenario I, e.g., detection performance and sum rate. -We examine the sequential approach [2] in which the flexible sensing time period is obtained by each CR-IoT user, which enhances the detection performance, however with the limited number of samples due to noise uncertainty [27] and interference robustness. In addition, we evaluate the weight factor from the KLD award score based on the flexible sensing time slot.…”

“…Packet (i.e., each packet consists of the number of frames) format of the proposed ED method for scenario II where the flexible sensing time slot is obtained based on utilized the reporting framework[2] 4.2 Analysis of Weight Factor using the KLD Award Score…”

Estimation of future power consumption level in smart grid: Application of fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm on big data platform

“…The smart meters utilizing a cable TV network for remote control also play a vital role in a smart grid. 3 As an advanced power grid, smart grids offer high reliability and stability based on their intelligent online power management system that has been developed to achieve optimal efficiency with advanced ICT technologies ( Figure 3).…”