An Energy Efficient Localization-Free Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Wahid, Abdul; Kim, Dongkyun

doi:10.1155/2012/307246

Cited by 146 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It actually compares the depth of sending node with that of receiving node so if depth of sender node is higher than that of receiver node then it will forward the data otherwise it will ignore that node. Similarly in [11], Energy Efficient DBR, it take into account the depth information as well as residual energy of the node at the time of sending data.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In underwater applications a multi-hop or multipath network is required and data is forwarded by passing all nodes towards sink. Once data is received at any of the sink then data is forwarded to concerned node through radio transmission [11]. While using those routing protocols which requires higher bandwidth, usually has higher delay at the nodes end [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of Localization Free Routing Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Khalid¹,

Adnan²,

Ullah³

et al. 2017

ijacsa

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Abstract-Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is newly developed branch of Wireless Sensor network (WSN).UWSN is used for exploration of underwater resources, oceanographic data collection, flood or disaster prevention, tactical surveillance system and unmanned underwater vehicles. UWSN uses sensors of small size with a limited energy, memory and allows limited range for communication. Due to multiple differences from terrestrial sensor network, radio waves cannot be used over here. Acoustic channel are used for communication in deep water, which has many limitations like low bandwidth, high end to end delay and path loss. With the above limitations while using acoustic waves, it is very important to develop energy efficient and reliable protocols. Energy efficient communication in underwater networks has become uttermost need of UWSN technology. The main aim nowadays is to operate sensor with smaller battery for a longer time. This paper will analyse various routing protocols in the area of UWSN through simulation. This paper will analyse Depth Based Routing (DBR), Energy Efficient Depth Based Routing (EEDBR) and Hop by Hop Dynamic Addressing Based (H2-DAB) protocol through simulation. This comparison is carried out on the basis of total consumed energy, end to end delay, path loss and data delivery ratio.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Localization Free Routing Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Khalid¹,

Adnan²,

Ullah³

et al. 2017

ijacsa

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Otherwise, they continue in their sleep state. 17 Energyefficient localization-free routing (EEDBR) 5 forwards packets with depth and residual energy. It is similar to DBR, but it is sender based because the nodes on the record are sorted based on their remaining energy, which shows their precedence of forwarding.…”

Section: Protocols For Analyses Without Voidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent redundant data packet forwarding, each contender node judges a holding time according to its remaining energy and precedence, in which a smaller holding time is assigned to a node with more remaining energy and it receives the packet. 5 The energy-efficient fitness (EEF) 6 protocol which uses depth, residual energy, and fitness, which is calculated based on the distance between the sending node, forwarding node, and sink. 6 Channel aware pressure routing (CARP) 18 is a stateful approach, which depends on number of hops, link quality, and energy consumption.…”

Section: Protocols For Analyses Without Voidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To forecast the protocol performance with future prediction in an uncertain underwater environment where data was obtained with simulation could be done using auto regressive integrated moving average. Hence, primary simulations were done in the ns2 simulator with an aquasim patch 3 using the meandering current mobility model with the random waypoint model with various protocols, such as the depth based routing, 4 energy efficient depth based routing, 5 energy efficient fitness based routing, 6 hydrocast 7 and void aware pressure routing (VAPR) 8 for throughput with minimal bandwidth of 3 kHz and maximal bandwidth value of 1000 kHz with the proposed effective hydrocast. Then, comparisons were made for energy consumption between VAPR and the effective hydrocast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Efficiency Analysis of Effective Hydrocast for Underwater Communication

Anand¹,

Titus²

2017

IJAV

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Underwater acoustic communication is difficult due to a low propagation speed, limited bandwidth, and energy consumption. There is a communication void primarily due to oceanic currents, which cause node mobility. Hence, protocol recovery has been focused on two means: Eulerian and Lagrangian. This work provides an analysis using the Eulerian approach with internetworking between sensors, wherein an effective hydrocast is proposed with the concept of triangulation to avoid long detour paths for recovery. The protocol Effective Hydrocast uses normalized advance wherethe cost is calculated with energy consumption, throughput, packet delivery ratio and propagation delay. Simulations with the ns2 simulator using an aquasim patch with the development of an effective hydrocast protocol are done for throughput with two values of bandwidth minimal 3 kHz and maximal 1000 kHz. The results of throughput are compared with depth based routing, energy efficient depth based routing, energy efficient fitness based routing, hydrocast and void aware pressure routing (VAPR) of which effective hydrocast is better. Then, values obtained for energy consumption between an effective hydrocast and VAPR obtained using ns2 simulation is subjected to a time series analysis using a statistical package for social science. An autoregressive integrated moving average is developed and the best fitting model is estimated with the Bayesian information criterion, where an effective hydrocast is found to be better than VAPR.

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LRP: Link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

Faheem

Tuna

Güngör

2016

Int J Communication

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Summary Recently, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have been considered as a promising approach for monitoring and exploring the oceans in lieu of traditional underwater wireline instruments. As a result, a broad range of applications exists ranging from oil industry to aquaculture and includes oceanographic data collection, disaster prevention, offshore exploration, assisted navigation, tactical surveillance, and pollution monitoring. However, the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic communication channels, such as high bit error rate, limited bandwidth, and variable delay, lead to a large number of packet drops, low throughput, and significant waste of energy because of packets retransmission in these applications. Hence, designing an efficient and reliable data communication protocol between sensor nodes and the sink is crucial for successful data transmission in underwater applications. Accordingly, this paper is intended to introduce a novel nature‐inspired evolutionary link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol for UASN‐based underwater applications. Because of its distributed nature, link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol successfully distributes network data traffic load evenly in harsh underwater environments and avoids hotspot problems that occur near the sink. In addition, because of its double check mechanism for signal to noise ratio and Euclidean distance, it adopts opportunistically and provides reliable dynamic cluster‐based routing architecture in the entire network. To sum up, the proposed approach successfully finds the best forwarding relay node for data transmission and avoids path loops and packet losses in both sparse and densely deployed UASNs. Our experimental results obtained in a set of extensive simulation studies verify that the proposed protocol performs better than the existing routing protocols in terms of data delivery ratio, overall network throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and energy efficiency.

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An Energy Efficient Localization-Free Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 146 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of Localization Free Routing Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Comparison of Localization Free Routing Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy Efficiency Analysis of Effective Hydrocast for Underwater Communication

LRP: Link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

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