An Elliptical Trainer May Render the Wingate All-out Test More Anaerobic

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the 3 main energy pathways during a 30-second elliptical all-out test (EAT) compared with the Wingate all-out test (WAT). Participants were 12 male team sport players (age, 20.3 ± 1.8 years; body mass, 74.8 ± 12.4 kg; height, 176.0 ± 9.10 cm; body fat, 12.1 ± 1.0%). Net energy outputs from the oxidative, phospholytic, and glycolytic energy systems were calculated from oxygen uptake data recorded during 30-second test, the fast component of postexercise oxygen uptake kinetics, and peak blood lactate concentration, respectively. In addition, mechanical power indices were calculated. The main results showed that compared with WAT, EAT was characterized by significantly lower absolute and relative contributions of the oxidative system (16.9 ± 2.5 J vs. 19.8 ± 4.9 J; p ≤ 0.05 and 11.2 ± 1.5% vs. 15.7 ± 3.28%; p ≤ 0.001). In addition, significantly greater absolute and relative contributions of the phospholytic system (66.1 ± 15.8 J vs. 50.7 ± 15.9 J; p ≤ 0.01 and 43.8 ± 6.62% vs. 39.1 ± 6.87%; p ≤ 0.05) and a significantly greater absolute contribution of the glycolytic system (68.6 ± 18.4 J vs. 57.4 ± 13.7 J; p ≤ 0.01) were observed in EAT compared with WAT. Finally, all power indices, except the fatigue index, were significantly greater in EAT than WAT (p ≤ 0.05). Because of the significantly lower aerobic contribution in EAT compared with WAT, elliptical trainers may be a good alternative to cycle ergometers to assess anaerobic performance in athletes involved in whole-body activities.

The Test-Retest Reliability of New Generation Power Indices of Wingate All-Out Test

“…Mean e tot scores obtained from Peak Bike’s software were approximately 20,000–21,000 joules in the present study. However, the total metabolic energy expenditure of the Wingate all-out test was previously calculated by analyzing the fractions of the energy from aerobic, anaerobic alactic, and lactic acid metabolisms [ 39 , 40 ]. It was shown that a total of ~125–130 kJ of energy is utilized during a standard 30-s all-out test, which is highly above than the e tot that was seen in the present study, likely because this value refers to an indirect measure of work done throughout the 30 s but not a value of metabolic energy expenditure.…”

The Effects of Sprint Interval vs. Continuous Endurance Training on Physiological and Metabolic Adaptations in Young Healthy Adults

“…The main ATP resynthesis pathway during CET would be expected to rely on predominantly aerobic energy turnover, whereas SIT relies on anaerobic metabolism. Approximately 15 to 20% of total energy is supplied from oxidative metabolism during a single 30-s Wingate all-out cycling bout ( Ozkaya et al, 2014 ). However, ATP provision derived from oxidative metabolism increases if the exercise bouts are extended ( Parolin et al, 1999 ).…”

Reliability and Validity of a 20-s Alternative to the Wingate Anaerobic Test in Team Sport Male Athletes

“…The WAnT 30 is both a reliable and a valid test [4] – [6] , and is the most popular method of evaluating anaerobic ability. Although there are other potential measures such as short sprints [7] , continuous vertical jumping [8] and elliptical all-out tests [9] . However, During the 30 s maximal effort of the WAnT 30 , the accumulation of [H + ] as a by product of anaerobic glycolysis results in a drop in blood pH [10] .…”