Although reliability correlations of traditional power indices of the Wingate test have been well documented, no study has analyzed new generation power indices based on milliseconds obtained from a Peak Bike. The purpose of this study was to investigate the retest reliability of new generation power indices. Thirty-two well-trained male athletes who were specialized in basketball, football, tennis, or track and field volunteered to take part in the study (age: 24.3 ± 2.2 years; body mass: 77 ± 8.3 kg; height: 180.3 ± 6.3 cm). Participants performed two Wingate all-out sessions on two separate days. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error measurement (SEM), smallest real differences (SRD) and coefficient of variation (CV) scores were analyzed based on the test and retest data. Reliability results of traditional power indices calculated based on 5-s means such as peak power, average power, power drop, and fatigue index ratio were similar with the previous findings in literature (ICC ≥ 0.94; CV ≤ 2.8%; SEM ≤ 12.28; SRD% ≤ 7.7%). New generation power indices such as peak power, average power, lowest power, power drop, fatigue index, power decline, maximum speed as rpm, and amount of total energy expenditure demonstrated high reliability (ICC ≥ 0.94; CV ≤ 4.3%; SEM ≤ 10.36; SRD% ≤ 8.8%). Time to peak power, time at maximum speed, and power at maximum speed showed a moderate level of reliability (ICC ≥ 0.73; CV ≤ 8.9%; SEM ≤ 63.01; SRD% ≤ 22.4%). The results of this study indicate that reliability correlations and SRD% of new generation power and fatigue-related indices are similar with traditional 5-s means. However, new time-related indices are very sensitive and moderately reliable.
The aim of this study was to determine a critical threshold (CT) interpreted as "the highest exercise intensity where V Ȯ2 can be stabilized before reaching 95% of V Ȯ2 max (V Ȯ2 peak)" and compare it with commonly used anaerobic threshold indices. Ten well-trained male cyclists volunteered for this study. Ventilatory threshold (VT) was determined from incremental tests. Multisession constant-load trials were performed to reveal V Ȯ2 max. Mathematically modeled critical power (CP) was estimated through the best individual fit parameter method. Maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) was detected by 30-minute constant-load exercises. The individual CT load of each cyclist was tested by constant-load exercises to exhaustion with +15 W intervals until minimal power output to elicit V Ȯ2 peak. The results showed that work rate corresponding to CT (329.5 6 41.5 W) was significantly greater than that of the MLSS (269.5 6 38.5 W; p 5 0.000), VT (279.6 6 33 W; p 5 0.000), and CP (306.3 6 39.4 W; p 5 0.000), and CP overestimated both VT and MLSS (p 5 0.000). There was no significant V Ȯ2 difference between the 10th and 30th minute of MLSS and MLSS + 15 W exercise (0.36-0.13 ml•min 21 •kg 21 ; p 5 0.621). Exercising V Ȯ2 response of MLSS + 15 W could not exceed the level of 95% V Ȯ2 max (57.02 6 3.87 ml•min 21 •kg 21 and 87.2 6 3.1% of V Ȯ2 max; p 5 0.000), whereas V Ȯ2 responses greater than 95% of V Ȯ2 max were always attained during exercises performed at CT + 15 W (64.52 6 4.37 ml•min 21 •kg 21 and 98.6 6 1% of V Ȯ2 max; p . 0.05). In conclusion, this study indicates that there is a "grey zone" between heavy and severe exercise domain. This information may play a key role in enhancing athletic performance by improving the quality of training programs.
Zirve O2 tüketim düzeyi (O2pik) veren en yüksek güç çıktısı (aerobik limit güç; ALG) şiddetli ve aşırı egzersiz alanlarını ayıran önemli bir eşiktir ve sporcularda bireysel bir ALG belirleyebilmek için çok sayıda sabit yüklü tüketici test yapmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; sporcuların ALG'lerini tek bir seansta belirleyebilecek bir yaklaşım önermektir. Araştırmaya iyi antrene 12 bisiklet sporcusu katılmıştır (O2maks: 64,7±4,2 mL•dk-1 •kg-1 ; Zirve Güç (ZG): 374,1±65,7 W). O2pik düzeyinin belirlenmesi için lineer yük artışlı (ramp) testler uygulatılmıştır (+1 W•2 s-1) ve protokollerin sonunda ulaşılan final güç üretim değerleri (FG) ortalama yanıt zamanı (mean response time: MRT) düzeltmesi uygulanmadan (FGMRT) ve uygulanarak (FGMRT) değerlendirilmiştir. Sporcuların O2maks'ı ve bu değeri veren ZG değerleri, doğrulama testleri uygulanarak bulunmuştur. Devamında sporcuların ALG (O2maks'a %5'ten daha yakın O2 değeri veren en yüksek güç çıktısı) değerleri, 15 W'lık intervallerle bitkinlikle sonlanan sabit yüklü testler yoluyla ayrı günlerde taranmıştır. FGMRT ile ALG değerleri arasındaki fark anlamlı değildir (FGMRT: 435,2±50,8; ALG: 435,4±62,5 W, p=0,968). Bland-Altman sonuçları yüksek uyum göstermiştir (Bias=0,20±17,6 W; p=0,968). FGMRT, gerçek ZG'nin %117,5±8,8'ine karşılık gelirken, belirlenen ALG değeri ZG'nin %117,1±7,37'sine karşılık gelmiştir (p=0,759). Diğer yandan ramp testinden elde edilen en yüksek 15-s O2 ortalamaları da ALG yükündeki O2 yanıtlarıyla benzerdir (Ramp Test: 62,3±4,9 ml•dk-1 •kg-1 , %96,2; ALG: 61,5±4,3 ml•dk-1 •kg-1 , %95; p=0,119). Sonuç olarak, ALG'yi belirleyebilmek için ayrı günlerde çok sayıda bitkinlikle sonlanan test yapmak yerine, tek seansta bir ramp test uygulamasının O2maks'ı düşük tahmin ettiği ancak ALG'yi ve bu değere karşılık gelen O2 yanıtını belirleyebilmenin oldukça pratik bir yöntemi olabileceği bulunmuştur.
ObjectivesSprint interval training (SIT) has been proposed as a time-efficient alternative to current aerobic-based exercise recommendations. A single SIT session is known has positive effects on fat metabolism by increasing post-exercise VO2 and fat oxidation and reducing RER and carbohydrate oxidation after a single SIT bout. Short-term high fat diet is known has positive effects on fat oxidation pre- and post- submaximal exercise session. However, combination of a single SIT session and short-term high fat diet effects on fat oxidation was not studied before. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of short-term different diet modifications (high fat and high carbohydrate) on fat oxidation after a SIT bout in healthy young trained men and to compare the effects with recreationally active men.MethodsRecreationally active (n = 5, 37.8 ml.kg.min-1) and trained (n = 5, 57.9 ml.kg.min-1) groups were determined according to participants’ VO2max levels. Firstly, it is collected individual 3-d food records, measured body composition and resting metabolic rate for calculating the daily energy requirements. After that, 3 isocaloric different diet interventions were applied with a weekly interval: normal diet (% 55 carbohydrate,% 15 protein and% 30 fat of daily energy requirement), high carbohydrate diet for one day (% 70 carbohydrate,% 10 protein and% 20 fat of daily energy requirement), and high fat diet for three days (% 20 carbohydrate,% 10 protein and% 70 fat of daily energy requirement). Before each sprint interval session, preprandial resting metabolic rates were measured. Participants had breakfast and following 3 hours- resting period they performed a SIT bout (6 x Wingate anaerobic sprints with a 4.5 min recovery) and immediately after 2 hour-recovery period for evaluating VO2 and RER. The data were collected from a gas analyzer for 15 min- averages. Energy derived from fat oxidation (as% and gr/min) was calculated using established equations.ResultsBasal fat oxidation rate (gr/min) was found statistically high from the other diet modifications, and RER and fat oxidation (%) for 90th, 105th and 120th mins of recovery period after fat rich diet were statistically different when the groups were disregarded. It was found significant differences in RER and fat oxidation (%) for 15 th, 90 th and 120th mins of recovery period after fat rich diet in trained group. Additionally, fat oxidation (%) was significantly lower and VO2 and RER were significantly higher in 15th min than the other time of recovery period after all diet modifications for all groups.ConclusionsA combination of short-term high-fat diet and sprint interval training is thought to be an alternative way of achieving weight control by increasing fat oxidation from the results of the study.AcknowledgmentThis study was supported by the Ege University EBILTEM Scientific Research Foundation [Project Number = 2015-BESYO-02].
The respiratory threshold (RT), introduced as a new threshold determination method that relied on respiratory responses, is based on the analysis of time-dependent changes in the ratio of minute ventilation divided by the end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (VE/PETCO2) in an incremental ramp test. However, there is no research finding focusing on the level at which the RT technique can indicate the critical power (CP), which is an essential threshold determination method widely used. The aim of this study was to investigate at which level the exercise intensity obtained using the RT technique can meet the CP. Ten well-trained male cyclists participated in the study. Gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and RT levels of the athletes were determined by incremental ramp tests. In those tests, GET and RCP were evaluated by detecting breakpoints obtained in relationships of VCO2-VO2 and VE-VCO2 using the Innocor system. The RT level was found by the strongest breakpoint in the VE/PETCO2-time relationship using SegReg software. Then, tests were applied at constant work rates on different days to estimate the CP. Validity analyses were performed to test the relationships of all threshold indicators with each other. Results showed a high correlation and concordance between RT (328±35.5 W; 4.23±0.39 L·min−1) and RCP (324±34.3 W; 4.21±0.45 L·min−1) power outputs and the VO2 responses of each (p>0.05; t= 1.19; r>0.96; estimated standard error %
Peer review under responsibility of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences.
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