Abstract:A simple and low-cost electrochemical sensor based on multimodified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was successfully synthesized for the sensitive detection of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg). The surface treatment of SPEs was accomplished by a simple drip coating method using polyethyleneimine (PEI), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), and the treated SPEs showed excellent electrical conductivity. The modified SPEs were then characterized with UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, and FTIR to analyze the morphol… Show more
“…Furthermore, the obtained electrochemical sensor was successfully applied in the determination of β-Lg in real-world samples, and the results were similar to a commercial ELISA kit, which is considered as reliable analysis. The expensive β-Lg antibody from our previous research [27] was replaced with MIP, which significantly increased the selective surface area of PEI-rGO-Au-NCs@MIP and improved its sensitivity by providing a large number of imprinted sites, which resulted in a low detection limit (LOD = 10 −9 mg/mL) and a wide linear range (10 −9 to 10 −4 mg/mL). In addition, MIP transformation by changing the template molecule may provide a new strategy for the development of electrochemical sensors, not only for β-Lg, but also for other substances.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The PEI-rGO-Au-NCs were prepared according to our previous report [27]. Briefly, GSH-modified Au-NCs and PEI-rGO were synthesized separately.…”
Section: Sensor Fabrication 231 Preparation Of Pei-rgo-au-ncsmentioning
Facile detection of β-lactoglobulin is extraordinarily important for the management of the allergenic safety of cow’s milk and its dairy products. A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer-modified carbon electrode for the detection of β-lactoglobulin was successfully synthesized. This molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared using a hydrothermal method with choline chloride as a functional monomer, β-lactoglobulin as template molecule and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent. Then, the molecularly imprinted polymer was immobilized on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-gold nanoclusters (Au-NCs) to improve the sensor’s selectivity for β-lactoglobulin. Under optimal experimental conditions, the designed sensor showed a good response to β-lactoglobulin, with a linear detection range between 10−9 and 10−4 mg/mL, and a detection limit of 10−9 mg/mL (S/N = 3). The developed electrochemical sensor showed a high correlation in the detection of β-lactoglobulin in four different milk samples from the market, indicating that the sensor can be used with actual sample.
“…Furthermore, the obtained electrochemical sensor was successfully applied in the determination of β-Lg in real-world samples, and the results were similar to a commercial ELISA kit, which is considered as reliable analysis. The expensive β-Lg antibody from our previous research [27] was replaced with MIP, which significantly increased the selective surface area of PEI-rGO-Au-NCs@MIP and improved its sensitivity by providing a large number of imprinted sites, which resulted in a low detection limit (LOD = 10 −9 mg/mL) and a wide linear range (10 −9 to 10 −4 mg/mL). In addition, MIP transformation by changing the template molecule may provide a new strategy for the development of electrochemical sensors, not only for β-Lg, but also for other substances.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The PEI-rGO-Au-NCs were prepared according to our previous report [27]. Briefly, GSH-modified Au-NCs and PEI-rGO were synthesized separately.…”
Section: Sensor Fabrication 231 Preparation Of Pei-rgo-au-ncsmentioning
Facile detection of β-lactoglobulin is extraordinarily important for the management of the allergenic safety of cow’s milk and its dairy products. A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer-modified carbon electrode for the detection of β-lactoglobulin was successfully synthesized. This molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared using a hydrothermal method with choline chloride as a functional monomer, β-lactoglobulin as template molecule and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinking agent. Then, the molecularly imprinted polymer was immobilized on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-gold nanoclusters (Au-NCs) to improve the sensor’s selectivity for β-lactoglobulin. Under optimal experimental conditions, the designed sensor showed a good response to β-lactoglobulin, with a linear detection range between 10−9 and 10−4 mg/mL, and a detection limit of 10−9 mg/mL (S/N = 3). The developed electrochemical sensor showed a high correlation in the detection of β-lactoglobulin in four different milk samples from the market, indicating that the sensor can be used with actual sample.
“…Coming back to β-LB detection, already introduced at the end of the previous section, we consider an electrochemical immunosensor based on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified by a simple drip coating using a nanocomposite. The nanocomposite (PEI-rGO-AuNCs) included reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) modified with glutathione (GSH) [ 72 ]. A β-LB antibody (β-LB-Ab) was then immobilized on the nanocomposite, inducing a reduction in SPE conductivity and the current change due to the immunoreaction reaction between antigen and antibody was recorded for the β-LB detection.…”
Section: Electrochemical Biosensors For Food Allergen Detectionmentioning
Food allergy has been indicated as the most frequent adverse reaction to food ingredients over the past few years. Since the only way to avoid the occurrence of allergic phenomena is to eliminate allergenic foods, it is essential to have complete and accurate information on the components of foodstuff. In this framework, it is mandatory and crucial to provide fast, cost-effective, affordable, and reliable analysis methods for the screening of specific allergen content in food products. This review reports the research advancements concerning food allergen detection, involving electrochemical biosensors. It focuses on the sensing strategies evidencing different types of recognition elements such as antibodies, nucleic acids, and cells, among others, the nanomaterial role, the several electrochemical techniques involved and last, but not least, the ad hoc electrodic surface modification approaches. Moreover, a selection of the most recent electrochemical sensors for allergen detection are reported and critically analyzed in terms of the sensors’ analytical performances. Finally, advantages, limitations, and potentialities for practical applications of electrochemical biosensors for allergens are discussed.
“…An electrochemical immunosensor based on modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was designed to detect β -lactoglobulin (β-Lg) [ 215 ]. The surface modification of SPEs was accomplished by a simple drip coating using polyethyleneimine (PEI), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), and the obtained SPEs showed a good electrical conductivity.…”
Section: Application Of Electrochemical Biosensors In Food Analysismentioning
Safety and quality are key issues for the food industry. Consequently, there is growing demand to preserve the food chain and products against substances toxic, harmful to human health, such as contaminants, allergens, toxins, or pathogens. For this reason, it is mandatory to develop highly sensitive, reliable, rapid, and cost-effective sensing systems/devices, such as electrochemical sensors/biosensors. Generally, conventional techniques are limited by long analyses, expensive and complex procedures, and skilled personnel. Therefore, developing performant electrochemical biosensors can significantly support the screening of food chains and products. Here, we report some of the recent developments in this area and analyze the contributions produced by electrochemical biosensors in food screening and their challenges.
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