An ecological overview on the factors that drives to Trypanosoma cruzi oral transmission

Noya, Belkisyolé Alarcón de; González, Oscar Noya

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.06.004

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…The oral route transmission has been demonstrated to be a highly efficient mechanism of infection [22, 23]. Acute Chagas disease (ACD) cases and outbreaks involving triatomines, which were not previously considered as the main vector species for the contaminative vectorial route, demonstrate that any triatomine can act as a vector when it is related to oral transmission [24]. Moreover, in sylvatic environments, this mechanism is likely the primary means of infection between animals [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological scenario and Trypanosoma cruzi DTU characterization of a fatal acute Chagas disease case transmitted orally (Espírito Santo state, Brazil)

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTrypanosoma cruzi infection via oral route results in outbreaks or cases of acute Chagas disease (ACD) in different Brazilian regions and poses a novel epidemiological scenario. In the Espírito Santo state (southeastern Brazil), a fatal case of a patient with ACD led us to investigate the enzootic scenario to avoid the development of new cases. At the studied locality, Triatoma vitticeps exhibited high T. cruzi infection rates and frequently invaded residences.MethodsSylvatic and domestic mammals in the Rio da Prata locality, where the ACD case occurred, and in four surrounding areas (Baia Nova, Buenos Aires, Santa Rita and Todos os Santos) were examined and underwent parasitological and serological tests. Triatomines were collected for a fecal material exam, culturing and mini-exon gene molecular characterization, followed by RFLP-PCR of H3/Alul. Paraffin-embedded cardiac tissue of a patient was washed with xylene to remove paraffin and DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method. For genotype characterization, PCR was performed to amplify the 1f8, GPI and 18S rRNA genes. In the case of V7V8 SSU rRNA, the PCR products were molecularly cloned. PCR products were sequenced and compared to sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap replicates was performed.ResultsNone of the animals showed positive hemocultures. Three rodents and two dogs showed signs of infection, as inferred from borderline serological titers. T. vitticeps was the only triatomine species identified and showed T. cruzi infection by DTUs TcI and TcIV. The analysis of cardiac tissue DNA showed mixed infection by T. cruzi (DTUs I, II, III and IV) and Trypanosoma dionisii.ConclusionsEach case or outbreak of ACD should be analyzed as a particular epidemiological occurrence. The results indicated that mixed infections in humans may play a role in pathogenicity and may be more common than is currently recognized. Direct molecular characterization from biological samples is essential because this procedure avoids parasite selection. T. dionisii may under certain and unknown circumstances infect humans. The distribution of T. cruzi DTUS TcIII and TcIV in Brazilian biomes is broader than has been assumed to date.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1754-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological scenario and Trypanosoma cruzi DTU characterization of a fatal acute Chagas disease case transmitted orally (Espírito Santo state, Brazil)

et al. 2016

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“…La enfermedad se transmite de diversas formas, principalmente por contacto de las mucosas o la piel herida con las heces del vector infectado, o también por transfusiones, por la vía congénita, por trasplante de órganos, por accidentes de laboratorio y por vía oral (5), la cual es causa frecuente de la enfermedad aguda de Chagas (6,7). La contaminación de los alimentos por vectores selváticos y reservorios vertebrados de T. cruzi es un factor importante para la transmisión por esta vía, que en el ser humano se produce de forma esporádica mediante el consumo de carne cruda o poco cocida y jugos de frutas contaminados con heces de triatominos infectados, con orina o con secreciones anales de marsupiales infectados, o, incluso, por el consumo de insectos.…”

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Chagas disease

et al. 2017

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-Torres: concepción y diseño del estudio Oneida Castañeda-Porras: organización del manuscrito Todos los autores participaron en el análisis e interpretación de los datos y en la escritura del manuscrito. Resultados. Se registraron 552 personas expuestas y se confirmaron por laboratorio 40 casos (7,2 %); siete casos se dieron en mujeres (17,5 %) y 33 en hombres (82,5%), es decir, en una relación de 1:5. La edad promedio fue de 39,1 (± 10,8) años, la tasa de ataque, de 7,2 %, y la letalidad, de 5 % (2/40). Los signos y síntomas incluyeron fiebre en el 100 % de los casos, cefalea en el 80 %, mialgias y artralgias en el 65 %, edema facial en el 55 %, y dolor abdominal en el 37,5 %. El tiempo promedio de incubación fue de 17 (3-21) días. El índice de infestación de Rhodnius prolixus fue de 3,3 % en el domicilio y de 2,2 % en el peridomicilio. En los cinco restaurantes inspeccionados, se encontraron condiciones sanitarias deficientes y alimentos con niveles de contaminación microbiológica inaceptables. Por último, un perro y dos zarigüeyas fueron positivos para los anticuerpos IgG en la prueba ELISA. Conclusiones. Mediante el análisis de las características epidemiológicas, ambientales y sanitarias, se confirmó un brote agudo de enfermedad de Chagas por exposición ocupacional y de posible transmisión oral, que podría ser el de mayor proporción reportado hasta la fecha en Colombia.Palabras clave: enfermedad de Chagas/transmisión; Trypanosoma cruzi; salud laboral; epidemiología descriptiva.

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“…The flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is mainly transmitted in areas endemic for the disease through contact with the dejections of blood-feeding triatomine bugs (6,7) and more rarely by oral transmission through contaminated food (8,9). The infection may also occur in both areas that are endemic and nonendemic through blood transfusion (10), organ transplant (11), congenital transmission (12), and laboratory accidents (13), allowing the disease to spread to urbanized areas (14).…”

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confidence: 99%