An Association between Hypothyroidism and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma

Smith, K.; Arthurs, Bryan; Saheb, Nabil

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31441-7

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Previous case-control studies, using measured TSH levels, have documented conflicting prevalence rates for hypothyroidism, ranging from 4.7% in controls and 23.9% in glaucoma cases (Po0.004), 5 to 4% in controls and 2.7% in cases. 14 Another study that excluded persons currently treated with thyroxine, 11 reported that 4% of 100 glaucoma cases had hypothyroidism, which was not significantly different to the population prevalence of hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Eye involvement in thyroid disease ranges from welldocumented thyroid-associated orbitopathy 4 to hypothyroid eye changes, including conjunctival and periorbital oedema, blepharoptosis, and nyctalopia. 5 Although a well-described association exists between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and thyroid-related orbitopathy, the possible relationship between OAG and either hypothyroidism [5][6][7][8][9] or hyperthyroidism 10 without orbitopathy is variable as many reports have disputed these findings. 4,[11][12][13][14] Current evidence remains confined to case reports 8,15 or clinic-based studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,[11][12][13][14] Current evidence remains confined to case reports 8,15 or clinic-based studies. [4][5][6]10 To our knowledge, no population-based study has assessed the relationship between thyroid disease and OAG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open-angle glaucoma and systemic thyroid disease in an older population: The Blue Mountains Eye Study

Lee

Rochtchina

Wang

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose To assess whether thyroid disease is independently associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), using history of thyroid disease and current thyroxine use. Methods The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 persons, aged 49-97 years. Interviewers collected self-reported history of diagnosis and treatment for thyroid disease. Eye examinations included applanation tonometry, stereoscopic optic disc photography and automated perimetry. OAG was diagnosed from the presence of matching typical glaucomatous field changes and optic disc cupping, independent of intraocular pressure. Associations between thyroid disease (history and treatment) and OAG were assessed in a multivariate model. Results Of 324 participants (8.9%) reporting history of thyroid disease, 147 (4.0%) were currently using thyroxine. Although we could not accurately categorize the thyroid disorder for all cases, current use of thyroxine suggests a prior hypothyroid state. All thyroid disease subgroups affected women more frequently than men, P ¼ 0.001. OAG was diagnosed in 108 subjects (3.0%) and was more frequent in those reporting past thyroid disease (4.6 vs 2.8%). This relationship was not statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate odds ratio (OR) 1.6; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.9-2.9. OAG was significantly more frequent, however, in subjects reporting current thyroxine use (6.8 vs 2.8%), multivariate OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-4.4, or history of thyroid surgery (6.5 vs 2.8%), multivariate OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.2.Conclusions This population-based study suggests that thyroid disease, indicated by current thyroxine use or past thyroid surgery, could be independently related to OAG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open-angle glaucoma and systemic thyroid disease in an older population: The Blue Mountains Eye Study

Lee

Rochtchina

Wang

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…Becker and colleagues 2 studied the possible presence of myxedema of the trabecular meshwork in patients with abnormal thyroid function. Smith and colleagues 3 found that 23.4% of the patients with POAG had hypothyroidism. Safran 4 then hypothesized that there is a category of patients, who are predisposed to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Cheng and Perkins 1 reported that among patients with hypothyroidism only 2% had glaucoma. Becker and colleagues 2 studied the possible presence of myxedema of the trabecular meshwork in patients with abnormal thyroid function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary open angle glaucoma and hypothyroidism

Kitsos¹

2010

OPTO

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Purpose: To test the hypothesis: is there an association between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and hypothyroidism, and to establish the necessity of routine examination of thyroid function in these patients? Design: Observational cross sectional study. Materials and methods: 78 consecutive patients with a previous diagnosis of POAG and 77 control patients were evaluated for hypothyroidism. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxin and triiodothyronine were measured. Results: No patient had hypothyroidism and no correlation was found between glaucoma and either thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxin or triiodothyronine. Conclusion: This study determined there is no an association between glaucoma and hypothyroidism. Therefore, we believe that the systematic screening for hypothyroidism in all patients with POAG is unnecessary.

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Intermittent Fasting and Vitamin E Supplementation Attenuates Hypothyroidism‐Associated Ophthalmopathy

Kumar,

Das,

Kumari

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Visualization is a complex‐integrated procedure of the eyes and brain that allows to see this colorful world. Hypothyroidism‐associated ophthalmopathy (HAO), often known as dry eyes, swelling around the eyes, blurred vision, glaucoma, and cataracts, are some eye‐related issues caused by hypothyroidism. Yet there is no permanent cure for hypothyroidism; taking medicine throughout life is the only solution to keep its harmful effects under control. This study used intermittent fasting (IF) and vitamin E (Vit.E) supplementation to prevent hypothyroidism‐associated ophthalmopathy. This study hypothesized that intermittent fasting‐like diet regimens and vitamin supplementation should reduce the propagation of HAO by its antioxidant potential. In the present study, experimental animals are divided into five groups: normal, hypothyroidism control, dual, Vit. E, and IF. Hypothyroidism is generated in the experimental groups by taking propylthiouracil (PTU) for 24 days while also taking IF and Vit. E supplements. The hypothyroid‐induced experimental animals demonstrated an increase in IOP and lipid peroxidation while thyroid hormone levels depicted a massive decline which is a clear denotation of the effects of the thyroid on eyes and lifestyle. Ancient Ayurveda inspires these proposed therapies and has successfully reduced all the damage to the thyroid gland and the eye.

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An Association between Hypothyroidism and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Open-angle glaucoma and systemic thyroid disease in an older population: The Blue Mountains Eye Study

Open-angle glaucoma and systemic thyroid disease in an older population: The Blue Mountains Eye Study

Primary open angle glaucoma and hypothyroidism

Intermittent Fasting and Vitamin E Supplementation Attenuates Hypothyroidism‐Associated Ophthalmopathy

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