An assessment of microbiological water quality of six water source categories in north-east Uganda

Parker, Alison; Youlten, R.; Dillon, Michael E.; Nußbaumer, Thomas; Carter, Richard; Tyrrel, Sean; Webster, James

doi:10.2166/wh.2010.128

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results of the bacteriological quality of water sources in this study concord with the results of other studies conducted in Africa [10][11][12] . The presence of significant counts of coliform bacteria in the water sources is indicative of inadequacy of the depth of the wells or a breach of sanitary integrity of the wells 13 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia

Tsega¹,

Sahile²,

Kibret³

et al. 2014

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Accesses to safe water is a universal need however, many of the world's population lack access to adequate and safe water. Consumption of water contaminated causes health risk to the public and the situation is serous in rural areas. Objectives: To assess the bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia. Methods: Water samples were collected from tap, open springs, open dug wells and protected springs for bacteriological analysis of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms. The turbidity, pH and temperature were measured immediately after collection. Results: Most drinking water sources were found to have coliform counts above the recommended national and international guidelines and had high sanitary risk scores. There was a statistically significant difference among water sources with respect to TC and TTC (p < 0.05) and there was a statistically significant positive correlation between coliform counts and sanitary risk scores (p < 0.01). Most water sources didn't satisfy the turbidity values recommended by WHO. Conclusion: The water sources were heavily contaminated which suggested poor protection and sanitation practice in the water sources. Source protection strategies as well as monitoring are recommend for this community.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia

Tsega¹,

Sahile²,

Kibret³

et al. 2014

Afr H. Sci.

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“…This accounts for both formal and informal rainwater harvesting systems. Formal systems include guttering, downpipe, covered storage and tap and informal systems are characterized with open containers under roof or gutter systems for the collection of rainwater [40]. Figure 4a illustrates an example of formal rainwater harvesting systems in the district.…”

Section: Rainwater Harvesting Practices and Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Climate Change on Reliability of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Kabarole District, Uganda

Kisakye

Akurut

Bruggen

2018

Water

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This paper assesses the effect of climate change on reliability of rainwater harvesting systems for Kabarole district, Uganda, as predicted by 6 best performing global circulation models (GCMs). A daily water balance model was used to simulate the performance of a rainwater harvesting system using historical daily rainfall data for 20 years. The GCMs used to generate daily rainfall projections for 2025-2055 and 2060-2090 periods included; ACCESS1-0, BCC-CSM-1-M, CNRM-CM5, HADGEM2-CC, HADGEM2-ES and MIROC5. Analysis was based on the Ugandan weather seasons which included March, April, May (MAM) and September, October, November (SON) rain seasons in addition to December, January, February (DJF) and June, July, August (JJA) dry seasons. While an increase in reliability is predicted for the SON season, the worst-case scenario is projected during the MAM season with a reliability reduction of over 40% for the 2055-2090 period. This corresponds to a 27% reduction in water security for the same period. The DJF season is also expected to experience reduced water security by 1-8% for 2025-2055 and 2060-2090 with a 0.5 m 3 tank size. Therefore, some form of extra harvesting surface and increased tank size will be required to maintain 80% systems reliability considering climate change.

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“…In the cases in which the perception of the intake status was negative (6/48), people understood it was due to the influence of wastewater discharges, animals or crops upstream, or insufficient forests. In addition, users tried to take water from sites free of pollution sources, and with coverage of native forest, which could contribute, together with sanitation, to reduce the impact of the rainy season over microbial water quality which is normally reported in the literature [28], [30]. Well look after 5…”

Section: People Perceptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to WHO [26], this level of microbial pollution when analysed together with results from sanitary surveys-that were not part of this research-could fall on a category of high risk that will require actions of high priority. However, some authors consider the WHO standard too restrictive and unrealistic for rural systems supplying untreated water [27], [28]. Furthermore, as part of the post-2015 MDG agenda, more flexible standards (i.e.…”

Section: Microbial Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-supply as an alternative approach to water access in rural scattered regions: evidence from a rural microcatchment in Colombia

Domínguez

Torres-López

Restrepo-Tarquino

et al. 2015

I&U

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<p>Globally, access to improved water sources is lower in rural areas compared to urban areas. Furthermore, in rural areas many people use water from individual systems they have developed with their investments, often without external support. This phenomenon has been called Self-supply. Self-supply ranges from simple to complex systems and different water sources. Water quality varies, from achieving World Health Organization (WHO) standards (0 CFU/100 ml) to systems that provide water posing high risks to human health. While most studies in Self-supply have been developed in Africa, little is known in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This research explores Self-supply in a rural microcatchment in Colombia (LAC). Data was collected through household and drinking water surveys and analysed. Results showed that 40% of households used Self-supply systems taking water from springs and brooks. Thermotolerant Coliforms were below 50 CFU/100 ml, both in dry and rainy season, and between 5 to 7% of samples achieved the WHO standard. These results suggest that Self-supply has potential to offer safe drinking water, provided improvements on source protection and institutional support. Therefore, Self-supply could contribute to address “unfinished business”, including ensuring access for the hardest-to-reach people, as stated in the post-2015 development agenda.</p>

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An assessment of microbiological water quality of six water source categories in north-east Uganda

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia

Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia

Effect of Climate Change on Reliability of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Kabarole District, Uganda

Self-supply as an alternative approach to water access in rural scattered regions: evidence from a rural microcatchment in Colombia

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