Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia

Tsega, Nuhamin Tesfa; Sahile, Samuel; Kibret, Mulugeta; Abera, Bayeh

doi:10.4314/ahs.v13i4.42

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This finding is in agreement with a study conducted in rural communities of Ethiopia (Amenu et al, 2014;Tsega et al, 2013). They reported that All dug wells and springs were at high risk category for total coliforms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Bacteriological quality of drinking water from source to point of use among rural communities of Farta Woreda in North West, Ethiopia

Kassie¹,

Hayelom²

2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Access to safe water is a universal need. However, many of the world's population lack access to adequate and safe water. Consumption of contaminated water with viruses, bacteria and parasites causes health risk to the public and the situation is serious in rural areas. So this study is aimed at assessing the bacteriological quality of drinking water at source and point of use among rural Communities of Farta Woreda, North Western, Ethiopia. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in March 2014 in 41 rural Kebeles of Farta Woreda. A total of 120 water samples were obtained from protected water sources and household water storage containers and tested for Escherichia coli by using membrane filter methods. The contaminant risk of water sources and household storage containers were assessed by sanitary inspection checklist of World health Organization. Descriptive statistics (proportion and percentage) were used to count the E. coli load and the results were interpreted using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. All household water storage containers and majority 22(91.7%) of the protected wells and 5(83.3%) springs in the study area were not in compliance with WHO recommended values (0 CFU/100 ml of drinking water) for drinking water. Majority 10(41.7%) of protected well, 5(83.3%) protected spring and 42(46.7%) household storage containers had high sanitary risk score for E. coli. The water sources and also household water storage containers were heavily contaminated with E. coli. Source protection strategies, awareness creation on safe water handling practices as well as monitoring are necessary to enhance good drinking water quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Bacteriological quality of drinking water from source to point of use among rural communities of Farta Woreda in North West, Ethiopia

Kassie¹,

Hayelom²

2017

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…Samples collected from protected hand dug wells and developed springs located in the rural areas of Ethiopia showed that many wells have high level of E. coli [12] [13]. Similarly, a rapid assessment of drinking water quality in Ethiopia showed that the nitrate and fluoride concentration of more than 30% of water sources exceeded the WHO drinking water quality standards [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Quality in an Upland Agricultural Watershed in the Sub-Humid Ethiopian Highlands

Akale¹,

Dagnew²,

Giri³

et al. 2017

JWARP

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Agricultural intensification to meet the food needs of the rapidly growing population in developing countries is negatively affecting the water quality. In most of these countries such as Ethiopia, information on surface and especially groundwater quality is lacking. This limits the measure that can be taken to stop pollution. We, therefore, investigated the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality in the upland watershed. Tikur-Wuha watershed was selected because it is located in the Lake Tana watershed, which is seeing the first signs of eutrophication. Groundwater samples were collected from July 2014 to June 2015 from 19 shallow wells located throughout the watershed. Collected water samples were analyzed both in situ and in the laboratory to determine pH, electric conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solid (TDS), concentration of chemicals (nitrate, dissolved phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, aluminum and iron) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). We found that shallow groundwater had greater chemical concentrations and E. coli level in the monsoon rain phase than in the dry phase. Wells located down slope exhibited greater concentrations than mid-and upper-slope positions, with the exception of the nitrate concentration that was less down slope, due to denitrification in the shallow groundwater. Only E. coli level was above the WHO drinking water quality standards. Further studies on groundwater quality should be carried out to understand the extent of groundwater contamination.

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“…Hedging the premises adequately, enhancing regular maintenance and disposing correctly human and animal wastes (which infiltrate the soil and contaminate the place) are mandatory. They are strategies that ensure the safety of the water sources (Tsega et al, 2013;Bain et al, 2014).…”

Section: Microbiological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil

Andrade¹,

Barros²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The current study assessed the drinkability of water in 25 schools in Cruz das Almas BA Brazil. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, mesophylls and psichrotrophic bacteria were evaluated, coupled with color, turbidity, free residual chlorine, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demands. Water samples were collected at four sites: the first tap within the supply network or within the alternative supply (first site), main reservoir (second site), kitchen water (third site) and drinking water troughs (fourth site). When the two assessment periods (during dry and wet seasons) were taken into account, contamination by total coliforms in approximately 65.3% of samples was detected, whilst E. coli and Enterococcus micro-organisms respectively occurred in 18.4 and 36.7% of samples. Counts of mesophyll microorganisms were greater during the dry period than during the rainy season. More than 34.7% of counts were above the legal limit. Although no apparent variation in color occurred, irregularity in turbidity and pH was detected in two schools. Inadequate rates for dissolved oxygen occurred in only two schools, during the dry period, whereas biochemical oxygen demand complied with legislation. Although, no coliform was extant in several samples, others had bacterial contamination requiring more efficacious practices for quality improvement. Results show that health risks in schools in Cruz das Almas may be solved by adequate water treatment, periodical cleaning of reservoirs and proper maintenance of taps and filters.

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Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in a rural community of Ethiopia

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Bacteriological quality of drinking water from source to point of use among rural communities of Farta Woreda in North West, Ethiopia

Bacteriological quality of drinking water from source to point of use among rural communities of Farta Woreda in North West, Ethiopia

Groundwater Quality in an Upland Agricultural Watershed in the Sub-Humid Ethiopian Highlands

Microbiological evaluation of drinking water available in schools in Cruz das Almas, Brazil

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