An Artificial ‘Embryo’ for Detection of Abnormal Developmental Biology

Em, Johnson; GABEL, BRADLEY E.G.

doi:10.1093/toxsci/3.4.243

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…The regeneration assay using body segments appears to be ineffective for the prescreening of chemicals for selective developmental toxicity hazard-potential; however, the use of the artificial embryo in the Hydra developmental toxicity assay agrees with published vertebrate studies (25)(26)(27)(28)(29) (30).…”

Section: Acute Effectssupporting

confidence: 75%

13th Meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies for ecotoxicity.

Walker¹,

Kaiser²,

Klein³

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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There is growing public pressure to minimize the use of vertebrates in ecotoxicity testing; therefore, effective alternatives to toxicity tests causing suffering are being sought. This report discusses alternatives and differs in some respects from the reports of the other three groups because the primary concern is with harmful effects of chemicals at the level of population and above rather than with harmful effects upon individuals.

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Section: Acute Effectssupporting

confidence: 75%

13th Meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies for ecotoxicity.

Walker¹,

Kaiser²,

Klein³

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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“…The first 24 compounds included a diverse group of nonnutritive sweeteners, alkaloids, metallic salts, hair dye products, solvents, and vitamins, for which published reports were available and in which the low end of a dose-response curve had been determined (7). Mammalian toxicity data are not available for all ofthe second group of 14 glycols and glycol ethers (13).…”

Section: Critical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first results from the assay were published in 1980 (5). In the few years since then, the original technique has been modified, the protocol and procedures have been defined, and the routine dose-response relationship has been refined (6)(7)(8). A technique similar to that of Johnson and colleagues was published by Kudia (9).…”

Section: Hydra Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If left undisturbed, each pellet develops into an adult hydra in approximately 90 hr. During the course of development, the artificial embryos undergo the same phenomena as do mammalian embryos: proliferation and regression of cells, induction and response, creation of organ fields, induction of competence, spatial orientation, pattern fornation, membrane changes, directional migrations, metabolic changes, cellular morphogenesis, histogenesis, organogenesis, and functional ontogeny (7). Some developmental events, such as membrane changes and directional cellular migrations, are achieved by previously differentiated cells of the adult hydra, while other responses, such as organ field formation, occur through the action of previously undifferentiated or interstitial cells (12).…”

Section: Hydra Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Teratological research using in vitro systems. V. Nonmammalian model systems.

Collins¹

1987

Environ Health Perspect

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In this review of alternative tests to whole-animal rodent studies, the use of sub-mammalian and subvertebrate systems is investigated. The history, methodology, known limitations, end points, dose response, and requirements of virus, hydra, planarian, cricket, fish, amphibian, Drosophila, and chicken embryo systems are discussed. PrefaceLiterature searches have been conducted on nonmammalian animal systems that have been proposed for use in screening potentially teratogenic compounds. Reference to work on viruses, hydra, planaria, crickets, Drosophila, fish, amphibians, and chick embryos were sought. The numbers of references found varied with each model system.Each model system has been reviewed independently. Information from published material has been summarized and relevant references have been cited. The lists of references should be considered extensive but not exhaustive. Most of the model systems proposed need further evaluation with known teratogens and nonteratogens.

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“…In addition, they can regenerate a whole body from dissociated cells that have been randomly reassociated into pellets (10). When the currently accepted mammalian tests are performed according to Johnson and Gabel (7), two basic factors are explored in the analysis of the results:…”

Section: Hydra Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teratological Research Using In Vitro Systems. V. Nonmammalian Model Systems

Collins¹

1987

Environmental Health Perspectives

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In this review of alternative tests to whole-animal rodent studies, the use of sub-mammalian and sub-vertebrate systems is investigated. The history, methodology, known limitations, end points, dose response, and requirements of virus, hydra, planarian, cricket, fish, amphibian, Drosophila, and chicken embryo systems are discussed. Preface Literature searches have been conducted on non-mammalian animal systems that have been proposed for use in screening potentially teratogenic compounds. Reference to work on viruses, hydra, planaria, crickets, Drosophila, fish, amphibians, and chick embryos were sought. The numbers of references found varied with each model system. Each model system has been reviewed independently. Information from published material has been summarized and relevant references have been cited. The lists of references should be considered extensive but not exhaustive. Most of the model systems proposed need further evaluation with known teratogens and non-teratogens.

show abstract

An Artificial ‘Embryo’ for Detection of Abnormal Developmental Biology

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

13th Meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies for ecotoxicity.

13th Meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies for ecotoxicity.

Teratological research using in vitro systems. V. Nonmammalian model systems.

Teratological Research Using In Vitro Systems. V. Nonmammalian Model Systems

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