Teratological research using in vitro systems. V. Nonmammalian model systems.

Abstract

In this review of alternative tests to whole-animal rodent studies, the use of sub-mammalian and subvertebrate systems is investigated. The history, methodology, known limitations, end points, dose response, and requirements of virus, hydra, planarian, cricket, fish, amphibian, Drosophila, and chicken embryo systems are discussed. PrefaceLiterature searches have been conducted on nonmammalian animal systems that have been proposed for use in screening potentially teratogenic compounds. Reference to work on viruses, hydra, planaria, crickets, Drosophila, fish, amphibians, and chick embryos were sought. The numbers of references found varied with each model system.Each model system has been reviewed independently. Information from published material has been summarized and relevant references have been cited. The lists of references should be considered extensive but not exhaustive. Most of the model systems proposed need further evaluation with known teratogens and nonteratogens.

Lack of chick embryotoxicity after 20 kHz, 1.1 mT magnetic field exposure

“…Efforts have been made to develop chick models to investigate developmental toxicity. The Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST) is used for teratogenic screening tests to complement rodent studies [Collins, 1987;Davies and Freeman, 1995;Kotwani, 1998]. Sensitivity of the model to drugs is comparable to that of mammalian models for human reproductive and developmental toxicity studies [Peterka et al, 1992;Jelinek and Marhan, 1994].…”

Intermediate frequency magnetic field and chick embryotoxicity

“…Therefore, researchers have justified adopting chick embryo models in determining the potential risks of MF to cause congenital anomalies in humans. The chick embryo model has also been used for teratogenic screening of chemicals (Collins 1987;Davies and Freeman 1995;Kotwani 1998) to complement mammalian models. The chick model has been reported to have comparable sensitivity to the models for human reproductive and developmental toxicity studies (Peterka et al 1992;Jelínek and Marhan 1994).…”