Teratological Research Using In Vitro Systems. V. Nonmammalian Model Systems

Abstract

In this review of alternative tests to whole-animal rodent studies, the use of sub-mammalian and sub-vertebrate systems is investigated. The history, methodology, known limitations, end points, dose response, and requirements of virus, hydra, planarian, cricket, fish, amphibian, Drosophila, and chicken embryo systems are discussed. Preface Literature searches have been conducted on non-mammalian animal systems that have been proposed for use in screening potentially teratogenic compounds. Reference to work on viruses, hydra, planaria, crickets, Drosophila, fish, amphibians, and chick embryos were sought. The numbers of references found varied with each model system. Each model system has been reviewed independently. Information from published material has been summarized and relevant references have been cited. The lists of references should be considered extensive but not exhaustive. Most of the model systems proposed need further evaluation with known teratogens and non-teratogens.