An area-dependent wind function for estimating open water evaporation using land-based meteorological data

McJannet, David; Webster, Ian T.; Cook, F. J.

doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.017

Cited by 84 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A comparison of results (from the present study) with those of McJannet et al . () is difficult because of these differences. More small‐stream data within forest settings will be required to truly understand some of the latent heat processes in such environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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River evaporation, condensation and heat fluxes within a first-order tributary of Catamaran Brook (New Brunswick, Canada)

Caissie

2016

Hydrol. Process.

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Abstract:Stream temperature plays an important role in many biotic and abiotic processes, as it influences many physical, chemical and biological properties in rivers. As such, a good understanding of the thermal regime of rivers is essential for effective fisheries management and the protection aquatic habitats. Moreover, a thorough understanding of underlying physical processes and river heat fluxes is essential in the development of better and more adaptive water temperature models. Very few studies have measured river evaporation and condensation and subsequently calculated corresponding heat fluxes in small tributary streams, mainly because microclimate data (data collected within the stream environment) are essential and rarely available. As such, the present study will address these issues by measuring river evaporation and condensation in tributary 1 (Trib 1, a small tributary within Catamaran Brook) using floating minipans. The latent heat flux and other important fluxes were calculated. Results showed that evaporation was low within the small Trib 1 of Catamaran Brook, less than 0.07 mm day À1 . Results showed that condensation played an important role in the latent heat flux. In fact, condensation was present during 34 of 92 days (37%) during the summer, which occurred when air temperature was greater than water temperature by 4-6°C. Heat fluxes within this small stream showed that solar radiation dominated the heat gains and long-wave radiation dominated the heat losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…McJannet et al . () presented a generalized wind function equation as a function of fetch length; however, their equation was based on small water body data that were mainly from unsheltered streams or from evaporation pans. A comparison of results (from the present study) with those of McJannet et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River evaporation, condensation and heat fluxes within a first-order tributary of Catamaran Brook (New Brunswick, Canada)

Caissie

2016

Hydrol. Process.

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“…McJannet et al . [] showed that evaporation can also depend on lake size or wind fetch. However, the size dependence is relevant particularly for water bodies much smaller than Lake Zurich and Constance.…”

Section: Study Site Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat flux modifications related to climate‐induced warming of large European lakes

Fink

Schmid

Wahl

et al. 2014

Water Resources Research

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Within the last decades, the water temperature of several European lakes has risen. It is assumed that these temperature increases are due to a reconfiguration of the heat‐balance components. This study explores the dominant modifications of heat exchange with the atmosphere and their temporal evolutions. The objective is to identify the primary changes in heat fluxes and the sequence of events of the reconfiguration for the period 1984–2011. For this purpose, a model was applied to Lake Constance to estimate the contributions of the individual heat fluxes to the total heat balance. The results show that increasing absorption of solar radiation (+0.21 ± 0.13 W m−2 yr−1) and of longwave radiation (+0.25 ± 0.11 W m−2 yr−1) was responsible for the lake surface warming of 0.046 ± 0.011°C yr−1. Heat losses to the atmosphere by longwave emission (−0.24 ± 0.06 W m−2 yr−1) and by latent heat flux (−0.27 ± 0.12 W m−2 yr−1) have intensified in parallel due to higher lake surface temperatures. The heat budget is in a quasi‐steady state, whereas incoming solar radiation and the warmer atmosphere increased the lake surface temperature; the warmer surface emits more longwave radiation and more water is evaporated. At each level of the slowly increasing water temperature, the heat fluxes are balanced. The overall change of the total heat content, however, is relatively little. Although the cooling effect of inflowing rivers decreased, this contribution is also small.

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“…In our study, only data from waterholes F05, F07, G06, and G10 are presented. where T n is the wet bulb temperature, R n is the net radiation, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, Δ is the rate of change of saturated vapor pressure with temperature, γ is the psychrometric constant, and f (u 2 ) is the wind function for a water body of area A given by McJannet et al (2012) as:…”

Section: Temperature Measurement and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temperature regimes of dry-season waterholes in tropical northern Australia: potential effects on fish refugia

et al. 2015

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The ephemeral rivers in northern Australia break up into a series of waterholes during the long, dry summer season. These in-stream waterholes provide vital habitat for the survival of aquatic biota during this period. We describe how high-time-resolution (20 min) waterhole temperature measurements made in the Flinders and Gilbert Rivers in tropical northern Australia were used to derive thermal frequency curves that show how often waterhole temperature exceeded any given temperature threshold. During the summer period, temperatures near the surfaces of waterholes were often above that suitable for the optimum growth of some tropical fish (31°C). At the bottom of waterholes, this exceedance occurred less often, and in turbid waterholes that were stratified, temperatures rarely exceeded this threshold. Temperatures that could be lethal to some fish (34°C) also were exceeded at the surface of waterholes, but rarely, if ever, at the bottom of waterholes. An energy-balance model was used to estimate daily mean waterhole temperature with good accuracy (±1 K) at all but the sites where wind speed may have been >2 m/s (assumed in the model). The model also was used to predict the effects of climate change on waterhole temperature and the change in exceedance of thermal thresholds. A 2 K climate warming raised waterhole temperature by ∼1 K. However small this increase might seem, it led to a doubling of the length of time water temperatures were in excess of thresholds around 31°C.

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An area-dependent wind function for estimating open water evaporation using land-based meteorological data

Cited by 84 publications

References 23 publications

River evaporation, condensation and heat fluxes within a first-order tributary of Catamaran Brook (New Brunswick, Canada)

River evaporation, condensation and heat fluxes within a first-order tributary of Catamaran Brook (New Brunswick, Canada)

Heat flux modifications related to climate‐induced warming of large European lakes

The temperature regimes of dry-season waterholes in tropical northern Australia: potential effects on fish refugia

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