An Application of Two-Eyed Seeing: Indigenous Research Methods With Participatory Action Research

Abstract

In this time of reconciliation, Indigenous researchers-in-relation are sharing research paradigms and approaches that align with Indigenous worldviews. This article shares an interpretation of the Mi'kmaw concept of Two-Eyed Seeing as the synthesis of Indigenous methodology and participatory action research situated within an Indigenous paradigm of relevant, reciprocal, respectful, and responsible research. Two-Eyed Seeing is discussed as a guiding approach for researchers offering Indigenous voices and ways of knowing as a means to shift existing qualitative research paradigms. The author offers practical considerations for conducting research with Indigenous peoples in a "good and authentic way." Through the co-creation of knowledge with Indigenous communities, a collective story was produced as a wellness teaching tool to foster the transfer of knowledge in a meaningful way.

Using Two-Eyed Seeing in Research With Indigenous People: An Integrative Review

“…First, authentic relationships between researchers and the Indigenous community with whom research is being conducted, including relationships with participants, are valued and regarded as important to ethical research with Indigenous people (Hatala et al, 2017;Martin et al, 2017;Peltier, 2018;Rand, 2016;Whitty-Rogers et al, 2016). Research is reciprocal, meaning that not only do researchers benefit by gaining knowledge, answers to research questions, or acknowledgement for their work, but participants also benefit as healing and wellness is promoted throughout the research process by building relationships and learning from one another (Fornssler et al, 2018;Hall et al, 2015;Peltier, 2018;Whiting et al, 2018). Similarly, relational accountability is an expectation of researchers who, by engaging with Two-Eyed Seeing, assume responsibility for the health and wellbeing of the research team, community, and participants throughout the research process (Chambers et al, 2018;Hatala et al, 2017;Peltier, 2018).…”

Two‐eyed seeing: A useful gaze in Indigenous medical education research

“…These practices created negative population stereotypes and attitudes that have influenced Indigenous health outcomes . These attitudes are further compounded by research methods that lack transparency, inclusion and collaboration . Consequently, there remains considerable opportunity for transparent, inclusive and flexible approaches to knowledge sharing to become the norm in medical education…”

“…38,40,43 These attitudes are further compounded by research methods that lack transparency, inclusion and collaboration. 44 Consequently, there remains considerable opportunity for transparent, inclusive and flexible approaches to knowledge sharing to become the norm in medical education. 39 Flexibility and inclusivity are important aptitudes as knowledge is not created in isolation, but is closely shaped by particular rules, beliefs and values 28 within medical disciplines.…”

‘Get together, work together, write together’: a novel framework for conservation of New Zealand frogs

“…Marshall 2004). Within indigenous methodologies, the inquiry and analysis derive from reflections on the conversations and interactions between those involved (Peltier 2018). Bishop (1996) described these conversations as 'chats' within an ongoing relationship.…”