An anodeless, mechanically flexible and energy/power dense sodium battery prototype

Bai, Miao; Tang, Xiaoyu; Liu, Siyuan; Wang, Helin; Liu, Yujie; Shao, Ahu; Zhang, Min; Wang, Zhiqiao; Ma, Yanwei

doi:10.1039/d2ee02115c

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…As proof of concept, 16-cm 2 FCTF/Na||NVP pouch cell (N/P = 1.5) displays a high initial specific capacity of 115 mAh g −1 , a capacity retention over 94.7% after 300 cycles (Fig. 6F), which is one of highest durability under limited Na conditions to the best of our knowledge (10,71,72). As displayed in the evaluation of the rate capability, the full cell achieves a reversible capacity of 114 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C and 102 mAh g −1 at 10 C (close to 6 min charging) with a lower polarization voltage, suggesting a fast-charging capability (Fig.…”

Section: Full Cell Evaluation Towards Low N/p Ratiomentioning

confidence: 81%

Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries

Zhuang,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Sodium metal batteries hold great promise for energy-dense and low-cost energy storage technology but are severely impeded by catastrophic dendrite issue. State-of-the-art strategies including sodiophilic seeding/hosting interphase design manifest great success on dendrite suppression, while neglecting unavoidable interphase-depleted Na + before plating, which poses excessive Na use, sacrificed output voltage and ultimately reduced energy density. We here demonstrate that elaborate-designed fluorinated porous framework could simultaneously realize superior sodiophilicity yet negligible interphase-consumed Na + for dendrite-free and durable Na batteries. As elucidated by physicochemical and theoretical characterizations, well-defined fluorinated edges on porous channels are responsible for both high affinities ensuring uniform deposition and low reactivity rendering superior Na + utilization for plating. Accordingly, synergistic performance enhancement is achieved with stable 400 cycles and superior plateau to sloping capacity ratio in anode-free batteries. Proof-of-concept pouch cells deliver an energy density of 325 Watt-hours per kilogram and robust 300 cycles under anode-less condition, opening an avenue with great extendibility for the practical deployment of metal batteries.

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Section: Full Cell Evaluation Towards Low N/p Ratiomentioning

confidence: 81%

Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries

Zhuang,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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“…[7][8][9] Introducing metallic sodium as anode (defined as SMA) to develop sodium metal batteries (SMBs) is a promising electrolytes has also received extensive attention in the pursuance of high-energy SMBs by coupling with high-voltage cathodes. [27][28][29][30][31] Nevertheless, spontaneous chemical reduction in the cyclic and linear carbonate solvents will lead to the formation of unstable passivating films, resulting in large overpotentials and low CE of SMBs, [27][28][29][30]32] while serious safety hazards may also occur in some cases due to the flammability. Although adding expensive flame-retardant additives such as perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone [33] and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pentane [34] can well restrain the exothermic processes upon heating to improve the safety, it cannot achieve functionalization on the SMA/electrolyte interface, which is insufficient to enable high-voltage SMBs with long lifespan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] However, these electrolytes are not competitive in commercial applications because of high cost, safety risk and leakage of toxic ether solvents. [27][28][29] To date, the carbonate-based electrolytes with wider electrochemical window and lower volatility are regarded as the most successful electrolyte systems for commercial LIBs. Therefore, the usage of carbonate-based…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctionalized Safe Separator Toward Practical Sodium‐Metal Batteries with High‐Performance under High Mass Loading

Zheng

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Introducing sodium as anode to develop sodium metal batteries (SMBs) is a promising approach for improving the energy density of sodium-ion batteries. However, fatal problems, such as uncontrollable sodium dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in low-cost carbonate-based electrolytes, and serious safety issues, greatly impede the practical applications. Here, a multifunctionalized separator is rationally designed, by coating PP separator (<25 µm) with a solid-state NASICON-type fast ionic conductor layer (NZSP@PP) to replace the widely used thick glass fiber separator (>200 µm) and successfully solves all of the above problems, and for the first time creats high performance SMBs by using Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NVP) cathodes in pouch cell. The Na||NVP full cells can stably cycle over 1200 times with capacity retention of 80% at a high rate of 10 C and deliver a specific capacity of 80 mAh g −1 even at high rate of 30 C, indicating extraordinary fast-charging characters. The full SMBs can also stably cycle 200 times with a retention of 96.4% under high NVP loading of 10.7 mg cm −2 . Most importantly, the SMB pouch cell can also deliver a long-life cycles as well as high-temperature battery performance, which guarantees the safety of SMBs in practical application.

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“…[23][24][25][26][27][28] Another booming idea is designing 2D or 3D skeletons with spatial confinement effects to limit/confine/minimize the structural changes of SMBs. [29][30][31][32] Recently, efforts have also been dedicated in constructing nucleation sites with high sodiophilicity to employ their facile alloying/dealloying capability, hoping to stabilize Na metal anodes. [33][34][35] Up to now, although significant progress…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationally Integrating 2D Confinement and High Sodiophilicity toward SnO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x Composites for High‐Performance Sodium‐Metal Anodes

Zhang

Guan

et al. 2023

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The metallic sodium (Na) is characterized by high theoretical specific capacity, low electrode potential and abundant resources, and its advantages manifests itself as a promising candidate anode of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). However, the vaporization during the plating/stripping or uncontrolled growth of sodium dendrites in sodium metal anodes (SMAs) has posed major challenges to its practical applications. To address this issue, here, the SnO2/Ti3C2Tx composite is rationally fabricated, in which sodiophilic SnO2 nanoparticles are in situ dispersed on the 2D Ti3C2Tx, providing the acceptor sites of Na+ that can control vaporization and dendrites. The SnO2/Ti3C2Tx composite anode exhibits smooth and homogeneous morphology after Na‐metal deposition cycles, stable Coulombic efficiency (CE) of half cells, long stable cycles of symmetric cells due to highly sodiophilic sites, and confinement effect. In addition, the full cells assembled with Na0.6MnO2 also show excellent rate performance and cycling performance. These discoveries demonstrate the effectiveness of the acceptor sites and the confinement effect provided by the SnO2/Ti3C2Tx composite, and thus provide an additional degree of freedom for designing SMBs.

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An anodeless, mechanically flexible and energy/power dense sodium battery prototype

Abstract: An enabling anode-less sodium metal battery design was proposed by encapsulating various zinc-containing multialloys (from ternary to medium/high entropy alloys) within the interweaved carbon nanotubes as the lightweight, mechanical-flexible Na deposition substrates.

Cited by 23 publications

References 104 publications

Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries

Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries

Multifunctionalized Safe Separator Toward Practical Sodium‐Metal Batteries with High‐Performance under High Mass Loading

Rationally Integrating 2D Confinement and High Sodiophilicity toward SnO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x Composites for High‐Performance Sodium‐Metal Anodes

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An anodeless, mechanically flexible and energy/power dense sodium battery prototype

Abstract: An enabling anode-less sodium metal battery design was proposed by encapsulating various zinc-containing multialloys (from ternary to medium/high entropy alloys) within the interweaved carbon nanotubes as the lightweight, mechanical-flexible Na deposition substrates.

Cited by 23 publications

References 104 publications

Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries

Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries

Multifunctionalized Safe Separator Toward Practical Sodium‐Metal Batteries with High‐Performance under High Mass Loading

Rationally Integrating 2D Confinement and High Sodiophilicity toward SnO2/Ti3C2Tx Composites for High‐Performance Sodium‐Metal Anodes

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Rationally Integrating 2D Confinement and High Sodiophilicity toward SnO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x Composites for High‐Performance Sodium‐Metal Anodes