Fluorinated porous frameworks enable robust anode-less sodium metal batteries

Abstract

Sodium metal batteries hold great promise for energy-dense and low-cost energy storage technology but are severely impeded by catastrophic dendrite issue. State-of-the-art strategies including sodiophilic seeding/hosting interphase design manifest great success on dendrite suppression, while neglecting unavoidable interphase-depleted Na + before plating, which poses excessive Na use, sacrificed output voltage and ultimately reduced energy density. We here demonstrate that elaborate-designed fluorinated porous framework could simultaneously realize superior sodiophilicity yet negligible interphase-consumed Na + for dendrite-free and durable Na batteries. As elucidated by physicochemical and theoretical characterizations, well-defined fluorinated edges on porous channels are responsible for both high affinities ensuring uniform deposition and low reactivity rendering superior Na + utilization for plating. Accordingly, synergistic performance enhancement is achieved with stable 400 cycles and superior plateau to sloping capacity ratio in anode-free batteries. Proof-of-concept pouch cells deliver an energy density of 325 Watt-hours per kilogram and robust 300 cycles under anode-less condition, opening an avenue with great extendibility for the practical deployment of metal batteries.

Vitrified Metal–Organic Framework Composite Electrolyte Enabling Dendrite-Free and Long-Lifespan Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

“…One of the main reasons for triggering the interior short circuit of batteries is Li dendrites, produced by local uneven electric and ionic fields originating from the differences between the diffusion rate and deposition rate of Li + . Fortunately, bearing polar N species and grain boundary-free with isotropy nature from glassy ZIF-62 and the close interior and exterior contact from PDOL, PGZ can realize fast Li + flux and uniform distribution, ensuring homogeneous Li deposition and thus avoiding the dendrite growth. ,, Given the above advantages of PGZ, the Li plating/stripping ability of Li||Li symmetrical cells was investigated at gradient current densities. Evidently, PGZ has lower polarization voltages all the time, from 0.01 to 0.06 mA cm –2 (Figure c).…”

3D mixed ion/electron-conducting scaffolds for stable sodium metal anodes

“…Excess metallic Na is often used in battery testing to compensate for the loss of active Na (DOD < 10%, N/P ratio > 50). 87 Although the cycling stability improves, this “artificial” regulation limits the Na metal anodes from taking advantage of high specific capacity in practical applications. However, the currently reported sodiophilic scaffolds inevitably consume a large amount of active Na ( e.g.…”

COF-Based Photocatalysts for Enhanced Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…The COFs synthesized by these methods have shown great potential in applications such as sensing [ 74 , 75 , 76 ], catalysis [ 5 , 77 , 78 , 79 ], energy storage and conversion, [ 6 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ] organic electronic devices [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ], etc. [ 6 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ].…”