An Analysis of Car and Motorcycle Ownership in Macao

Abstract

Reducing automobile dependency is one of the key challenges in the development of a sustainable transportation system. However, to evaluate the effectiveness of a policy, it is necessary to understand the factors that would influence the choice behavior of travelers. In this paper, the impacts of urban characteristics to the household vehicle ownership level for cars and motorcycles in Macao are investigated. A discrete choice approach is used to estimate the number of vehicles that a household would own using disaggregate household survey data. The result reveals that whereas income has positive effect on both car and motorcycle ownerships, the demographic attributes of the residential locations have different effects to the ownerships of the two vehicle types. We also propose that the motorcycle ownership should be represented at a personal decision level instead of a household level.

The motorcycle to passenger car ownership ratio and economic growth: A cross-country analysis

“…Population density was found to have a positive effect on motorcycle ownership (RAND, 2004). According to Wong (2013), this was due to motorcycles offering a more efficient and cheaper means of transport than cars in population-dense areas. Several studies demonstrated that increases in road density were associated with growth in car ownership (Sehatzadeh et al, 2011;Cao and Huang, 2013;De Jong and Van De Riet, 2008).…”

Factors influencing consumers’ light commercial vehicle purchase intention in a developing country

“…Especially, several demographic factors were frequently highlighted as significant contributors to consumers' motor vehicle purchase decisions. Not surprisingly, monthly household or individual income was found as one of the major determinants of consumers' vehicle ownership decisions (Ede and Panigrahi, 2000;Lam et al, 2000;Romilly et al, 2001;Yılmaz, 2001;Choo and Mokhtarian, 2004;Kumar and Krishna Rao, 2006;Potoglou and Kanaroglou, 2008a;Bhat et al, 2009;Nolan, 2010;Prieto and Caemmerer, 2013;Wong, 2013). Respondents' age group gave significant evidence to explain consumers' vehicle purchase decisions in early studies (Ede and Panigrahi, 2000;Choo and Mokhtarian, 2004;Cao et al, 2006;Hackbarth and Madlener, 2013;Prieto and Caemmerer, 2013;Sanko et al, 2014).…”

“…Gender was found as an important factor that may influence consumers' vehicle demand (Ede and Panigrahi, 2000;Choo and Mokhtarian, 2004;Sen, 2006, Cao et al, 2006;Prieto and Caemmerer, 2013;Sanko et al, 2014). Household size can be an important explanatory variable in examining consumers' purchase behaviour and many early studies (Choo and Mokhtarian, 2004;Kumar and Krishna Rao, 2006;Potoglou, 2008;Potoglou and Kanaroglou, 2008a;Bhat et al, 2009;Prieto and Caemmerer, 2013;Wong, 2013;Sanko et al, 2014) found significant association between household size and vehicle type ownership. There has been recent work in which respondents' educational level was demonstrated as the significant contributor to consumers' vehicle ownership (Ede and Panigrahi, 2000;Yılmaz, 2001;Choo and Mokhtarian, 2004;Cao et al, 2006;Potoglou, 2008;Hackbarth and Madlener, 2013;Prieto and Caemmerer, 2013).…”

“…There has been recent work in which respondents' educational level was demonstrated as the significant contributor to consumers' vehicle ownership (Ede and Panigrahi, 2000;Yılmaz, 2001;Choo and Mokhtarian, 2004;Cao et al, 2006;Potoglou, 2008;Hackbarth and Madlener, 2013;Prieto and Caemmerer, 2013). Apart from these determinants, several other key factors such as occupational status (Yılmaz, 2001;Bhat and Sen, 2006;Sanko et al, 2014), presence of children in the family (Bhat and Sen, 2006;Cao et al, 2006;Bhat et al, 2009;Wong, 2013), number of working adults (Potoglou and Kanaroglou, 2008a;Wong, 2013), number of persons with driving license (Potoglou and Kanaroglou, 2008b), and annual license fee (Lam et al, 2000) were also included as significant influence on the consumers' vehicle purchase decisions or intentions.…”

Estimation of Long-Term Vehicle Ownership and Energy Use in Korea: A Quasi-Logistic Function Approach with Variable Economic Growth and Fuel Price Scenarios

“…Studies by Shay and Khattak (2012) and Wong (2013) try to identify factors that influence vehicle ownership choice and ultimately travel mode decisions. Sanko et al (2014) compare vehicle ownership decisions in countries with different socioeconomic characteristics.…”