An analog receiver front-end for capacitive body-coupled communication

Harikumar, Prakash; Kazim, Muhammad Irfan; Wikner, J. Jacob

doi:10.1109/norchp.2012.6403137

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, the difference is that screen printed electrode is used as a dry capacitive electrode in our application so the impact of electrode potential is much lesser. The conventional front-end amplifier design for capacitive BCC uses 2-stage OTA in negative feedback loop to form noninverting amplifier to take advantage of linear gain [20], [21]. It is difficult to attain a high gain factor of more than 10 times in close loop configuration due to dc mismatch of capacitive or resistive ratios.…”

Section: System Design Considerations For Capacitivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to attain a high gain factor of more than 10 times in close loop configuration due to dc mismatch of capacitive or resistive ratios. Further more, in order to compensate for 60 dB attenuation in [20] three cascaded non-inverting amplifiers built around 2-stage OTA have been used which unnecessarily increases the power consumption. The 2-stage OTA is not load compensated and compensation capacitor for close loop stability consumes extra power.…”

Section: System Design Considerations For Capacitivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a sub-mW front-end amplifier for capacitive BCC receiver in 65 nm CMOS

Kazim

Wikner

2016

2016 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)

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A low power front-end fully differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) has been designed in 65 nm CMOS technology which is suitable to receive low data rates upto 300 kbps for capacitive body coupled communication (BCC) channel. The current shunt current mirror OTA topology has been utilized in open loop configuration in the context of digital baseband architecture on the receiver side. The simulated resuts show that OTA achieves unity gain bandwidth (UGBW) of 200 MHz, dc gain of 40 dB, phase margin of 45 degree and rms integrated noise of 130 μV between 10 kHz to 150 MHz for 1.5 pF load capacitance and power consumption of approximately 250 μW. The OTA achieves high CMRR and PSRR (due to positive supply) of more than 120 dB at 100 Hz.

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Section: System Design Considerations For Capacitivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Design Considerations For Capacitivementioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a sub-mW front-end amplifier for capacitive BCC receiver in 65 nm CMOS

Kazim

Wikner

2016

2016 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)

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“…The adoption of B-PWM is based on its inherent characteristic, as shown later, of occupying the same spectrum for both cases of symbol transmission (logic zero and logic one) due to the complementary values of selected duty cycles. This property is crucial for the front end stage of Body Coupled or Intrabody Communication designs [14,15], because the behavior of the body in association with the front end electronics usually exhibits strange or not easily predictable behavior.…”

Section: Binary Pulse Width Modulation (B-pwm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Pulse Width Modulation in Body Coupled Communication

Moralis-Pegios

Alexandridou

Koukourlis

2015

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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We study the application of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique in Body Coupled Communication. The term Body Coupled Communication is used in order to specify that the human body or a part of it, such as an arm, is used as a path that transfers digital information. The digital information is either generated due to coupling of the body, for example, in medical equipment as a result of a measurement, or generated by external circuitry attached somewhere onto the body and is transferred to a terminal by touching it. In this paper, the latter case will be described, where, for illustration purposes, the touch of the human hand on a doorknob triggers the unlocking mechanism.

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“…The design experience in Papers F [83] and G [84] of the thesis suggest that the single pole roll-off frequency with 20 dB/decade demands a much higher unity gain frequency and directly influences the noise bandwidth. Even for a modest dc gain of 40 dB and a -3 dB bandwidth of 12 MHz, two decades of frequencies are required on a logarithmic scale with 20 dB/decade roll-off to reach unity gain frequency of 1.2 GHz which in turn increases the noise bandwidth many times.…”

Section: Design Trade-offs In the Front End Amplifiers For Receivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional front end amplifier design for capacitive BCC uses a 2-stage OTA in a negative feedback loop to form a non-inverting amplifier by taking advantage of the linear gain as in [83], [56]. The Miller compensated fully differential 2-stage OTA is not load compensated but uses an internal compensation capacitor for closed loop stability between the two stages which results in higher power consumption.…”

Section: Design Trade-offs In the Front End Amplifiers For Receivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation-Aware System Design Simulation Methodology for Capacitive BCC Transceivers

Kazim

2015

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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Capacitive body coupled communication (BCC), frequency range 500 kHz to 15 MHz 1 , is considered an emerging alternate short range wireless technology which can meet the stringent low power consumption (< 1 mW) 2 and low data rate (< 100 kbps) 3 requirements for the next generation of connected devices for applications like internet-of-things (IoT) and wireless sensor network (WSN). But a reliable solution for this mode of communication covering all possible body positions and maximum communication distances around the human body could not be presented so far, despite its inception around 20 years back in 1995. The uncertainties/errors associated with experimental measurement setup create ambiguity about the measured propagation loss or transmission errors. The reason is the usage of either earth grounded lab instruments or the direct coupling of earth ground with transmitter/receiver or the analog front end cut-off frequency limitations in a few MHz region or the balun to provide isolation or the measurements on simplified homogeneous biological phantoms. Another source of ambiguity in the experimental measurements is attributed to the natural variations in human tissue electrophysiological properties from person to person which are also affected by physical factors like age, gender, number of cells at different body locations and humidity. The analytical models presented in the literature are also oversimplified which do not predict the true propagation loss for capacitive BCC channel.An attempt is being made to understand and demonstrate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the physical phenomenon of signal transmission and propagation characteristics e.g., path loss in complex scenarios for capacitive BCC channel by both the experimental observations/measurements and simulation models in this PhD dissertation. An alternate system design simulation methodology has been proposed which estimates the realistic path loss even for longer communication distances > 50 cm for capacitive BCC channel. The proposed simulation methodology allows to vary human tissue dielectric/thickness properties and easily integrates with the circuit simulators as the output is in the form of S-parameters. The advantage is that the capacitive BCC channel characteristics e.g., signal attenuation as a function of different physical factors could be readily simulated at the circuit level to choose appropriate circuit topology and define suitable system specifications. This simulation methodology is based on full-wave electromagnetic analysis and 3D modeling of human body and environment using their conductivity, permittivity, and tangent loss profile to estimate the realistic propagation loss or path loss due to their combined interaction with the electrode coupler for capacitive BCC channel. This methodology estimates the complex path impedance from transmitter to receiver which is important to determine the matching requirements for maximum power transfer. The simulation methodology also contributes towards better understanding of...

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An analog receiver front-end for capacitive body-coupled communication

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Design of a sub-mW front-end amplifier for capacitive BCC receiver in 65 nm CMOS

Design of a sub-mW front-end amplifier for capacitive BCC receiver in 65 nm CMOS

Applying Pulse Width Modulation in Body Coupled Communication

Variation-Aware System Design Simulation Methodology for Capacitive BCC Transceivers

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