An alternate methodology for studying diffusion and elution kinetics of dimethacrylate monomers through dentinal tubules

Abstract

Objectives. Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (bisEMA) is a base monomer in several dental resin composites. It was the main aim of the present study to determine if bisEMA can reach the dental pulp by generally passive diffusion through the coronal dentinal tubules stimulated via eluent liquids surrounding the root structures only. Methods. In 20 human third molar teeth, standard Class-I occlusal cavities were prepared and provided either with an adhesive system alone or additionally with a composite restoration, according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The teeth were placed in an elution chamber such that the elution media only came into contact with the tooth root/tooth base where they were incubated at 37 °C for up to 7 d. Samples were taken after 1, 2, 4 and 7 d. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify bisEMA and other monomers in ethanol/water (3:1) and aqueous eluates. Results. bisEMA was only found in ethanol/water eluates, where the teeth had received a composite restoration. Traces of bisEMA with up to three ethylene oxide units could be detected in these eluates. Depending on the dentin thickness, different elution kinetics of bisEMA were determined. Regardless of the treatment of teeth, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEEGDMA) were found in ethanolic/aqueous eluates in equal amounts. Most TEGDMA and TEEGDMA diffused through the dentin within the first 24 h. Significance. Depending on the dentin layer thickness, bisEMA was released for varied time periods, resulting in varied concentrations and exposure times for the different cells of the dental pulp. The concentrations of TEGDMA and TEEGDMA were greatest for cells of the dental pulp within the first 24 h.

Direct and indirect monomer elution from an RBC product family

“…In the second case, elution through dentinal fluids and diffusion through dentinal tubules to the dental pulp are significant. Scientific models designed for this purpose include studies using dentin slices [24,25] as well as complete teeth in special chambers [26].…”

“…1a). For simulation of substance diffusion through the dentinal tubules, we adapted the model described by Durner et al [26]. In this case also a thread was incorporated into the filling, to facilitate variation of the penetration depth of the restored tooth within the medium (Fig.…”

Electrophoretic Deposition of Biocompatible and Bioactive Hydroxyapatite-Based Coatings on Titanium

“…The advantage of polymer application in reconstruction surgery, in the native or composite form, can be recognized in the possibility of producing structures with enhanced physical and mechanical properties, e.g., controlled degradation rates, porosity, enhanced biocompatibility etc. The wide field of biodegradable polymers’ applications includes dentistry [ 23 , 24 ], tissue engineering [ 25 , 26 ], drug delivery [ 27 , 28 ], orthopedic devices [ 29 , 30 ], artificial skin [ 31 , 32 ], and cardiovascular surgery [ 33 , 34 ]. The most used synthetic polymers in tissue reconstruction surgery are listed below: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)—PLGA in combination with the natural polymer chitosan, applied as a stent coating, can reduce platelet adhesion [ 35 ], while the combination of PLGA with HAP and the antibiotic atorvastatin can be applicable in bone tissue engineering as injectable PLGA micro-particulate system [ 36 ].…”

“…The advantage of polymer application in reconstruction surgery, in the native or composite form, can be recognized in the possibility of producing structures with enhanced physical and mechanical properties, e.g., controlled degradation rates, porosity, enhanced biocompatibility etc. The wide field of biodegradable polymers' applications includes dentistry [23,24], tissue engineering [25,26], drug delivery [27,28], orthopedic devices [29,30], artificial skin [31,32], and cardiovascular surgery [33,34]. The most used synthetic polymers in tissue reconstruction surgery are listed below:…”

Bisphenol A release from short-term degraded resin-based dental materials

“…However, as DC was shown to vary between 53% and 86% [12][13][14], non-polymerized ingredients, mainly residual monomers and degradation products, are released into the oral cavity [5,[15][16][17] and subsequently ingested. In addition, also pulp cells are exposed to eluted compounds from adhesives and composites via transdentinal diffusion [18,19].…”