An abnormal early evening peak of plasma prolactin in nulliparous and obese post‐menopausal women

Kwa, H. G.; Bulbrook, R. D.; Cleton, F. J.; Verstraeten, A.A.; Hayward, John; Wang, D. Y.

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910220609

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The dramatic rise of prolactin during the night is sleepassociated (Sassin et al, 1973). The slight increase in evening prolactin has been observed by Sassin et al (1972) and Levin and Marlarkey (1981) and agrees with data from this laboratory based on single samples from a large population (Kwa et al, 1976(Kwa et al, , 1978Kwa and Wang, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Nyctohemeral changes in plasma prolactin levels and their relationship to breast cancer risk

Wang¹,

Sturzaker²,

Kwa³

et al. 1984

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The amount of prolactin has been determined in serial blood samples taken over 24 h from 20 pre- and 9 postmenopausal women volunteers. All women had a large increase in prolactin at night (24.00 h-03.00 h). A much smaller rise in prolactin occurred in the evening (18.00 h-20.00 h) which was just significantly different (p less than 0.05) from levels found in the afternoon. Prolactin concentrations at any given time in the 29 women were linearly correlated with corresponding levels in either of the adjacent time intervals. This correlation was highly significant (p less than 0.001) throughout 24 h, implying that a woman with a relatively high (or low) blood prolactin in the afternoon would have a similarly high (or low) concentration in the evening or at night. Premenopausal women had higher amounts of prolactin than postmenopausal volunteers throughout the day. Parity was found to be inversely related to prolactin levels in pre- and postmenopausal women; this effect was especially marked in the night peak of prolactin. In postmenopausal women an average of 33 years had elapsed since the birth of the last child, which implies that childbirth has a life-long effect on reducing prolactin levels. Thus the protective effect of early child-bearing and multiparity against developing breast cancer could be at least partly explained by these effects on serum prolactin levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Our own studies have shown that women with an increased risk of the disease, because of a family history, benign breast disease or obesity, have raised evening levels of blood prolactin (Kwa et al, 1976(Kwa et al, , 1978Kwa and Wang, 1977;Tarquini et al, 1978). In all these investigations only one blood sample was taken from each person.…”

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confidence: 91%

Nyctohemeral changes in plasma prolactin levels and their relationship to breast cancer risk

Wang¹,

Sturzaker²,

Kwa³

et al. 1984

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…in nulliparous women and in obese women. We arrived at these conclusions by studying single samples of blood taken at various times from a large and ostensibly normal population of women (Kwa et a/., 1976, 1978Kwa and Wang, 1977). Serial blood samples taken between 17.00 and 21.00h in the present study show the same abnormality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Abnormalites in evening plasma prolactin levels in nulliparous women with benign or malignant breast disease

Tarquini¹,

Martino²,

Malloci³

et al. 1978

Intl Journal of Cancer

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In the present study the assay results of prolactin concentrations in serial samples of blood obtained from premenopausal women with benign or malignant disease of the breast are compared with--and discussed in relation to--findings reported in earlier studies based on single samples of blood taken at various times from a large and ostensibly normal population of women. The finding of an abnormality in nycthemeral prolactin levels in the established disease is considered to strengthen the concept that the same abnormality found in high-risk groups is of aetiological importance.

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“…Circulating prolactin levels also vary with season in non-primates [24] and man [25][26][27]. There is evidence that prolactin levels are permanently decreased following preg-nancy [28][29][30], prolactin levels in parous women being significantly lower than in nulliparous women [31,32]. Breast cancer has been claimed to be associated with higher mean levels of prolactin [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Season of tumour detection influences factors predicting survival of patients with breast cancer

Mason

Holdaway

Stewart

et al. 1990

Breast Cancer Res Tr

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The rate of initial detection of breast tumours varies during the year in a seasonal fashion, more tumours being discovered in late spring/early summer than at other times of the year. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in young women (less than 50 years) with progesterone receptor positive tumours. The present study investigates whether season of tumour detection influences the predictive capacity of several recognised prognostic and risk factors in patients with breast cancer. Axillary nodal status, tumour progesterone receptor status, and season of tumour detection significantly influenced survival in both older (greater than 50 yrs) and younger (less than 50 yrs) patients. Parity, lactational history, body mass index, tumour oestrogen receptor status, and patient age also influenced survival, but these effects were significant only in age groups less than 50 or greater than 50 yrs. Season of detection of tumour did not effect the prognostic significance of axillary nodal status. However, the effect of oestrogen receptor status on survival was more significant in patients who detected their tumours in the spring/summer compared with winter (odds ratio 0.52 and 0.73 respectively). Negative progesterone receptor status was associated with significant poorer survival only in patients with tumours found in the winter. There was a significant survival disadvantage for nulliparous compared with parous women with breast cancer who were greater than or equal to 50 years at diagnosis, and for women who had never lactated compared with those who had lactated, but this disadvantage was restricted to those who found their tumours in the summer. An increased body mass index (greater than or equal to 28) was associated with decreased survival, but this was significant only for those detecting tumours in winter. The increased incidence of detection of breast cancer in spring/summer may reflect cyclic influences on tumour growth. Such influences may be hormonal in nature and may underlie the effect of season of tumour detection on the prognostic influence of lactation, parity, body mass index, and oestrogen and progesterone receptor status in patients with breast cancer.

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An abnormal early evening peak of plasma prolactin in nulliparous and obese post‐menopausal women

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Nyctohemeral changes in plasma prolactin levels and their relationship to breast cancer risk

Nyctohemeral changes in plasma prolactin levels and their relationship to breast cancer risk

Abnormalites in evening plasma prolactin levels in nulliparous women with benign or malignant breast disease

Season of tumour detection influences factors predicting survival of patients with breast cancer

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