An 808 nm Light-Sensitized Upconversion Nanoplatform for Multimodal Imaging and Efficient Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is commonly employed in clinics to treat the cancer, but because of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment prevalent inside tumors, PDT therapeutic efficiency is not adequate hence limiting the effectiveness of PDT. Therefore, we designed a nanocomposite consisting of reduced nanographene oxide (rGO) modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), manganese dioxide (MnO2), upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), and Chlorin e6 (Ce6) to spark oxygen production from H2O2 with the aim of relieving the tumor hypoxic microenvironments. For in vivo tumor PDT and photothermal therapy (PTT), UCNPs-Ce6-labeled rGO-MnO2-PEG nanocomposites were used as a therapeutic agent, augmenting the therapeutic efficiency of PDT via redox progression through the catalytic H2O2 decomposition pathway and further achieving excellent tumor inhibition. It is important to mention that degradation of MnO2 in an acidic cellular microenvironment leads to the creation of a massive volume of Mn2+ which was employed as a contrast mediator for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our research postulates an approach to spark O2 formation through an internal stimulus to augment the efficiency of MRI- and computerized tomography (CT)-imaging-guided PDT and PTT.

Promising Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications and Potential Risks: A Comprehensive Review

“…rGO has a stronger photothermal conversion rate (3.2-fold higher than GO) compared to GO. , As a PTT reagent and drug carrier, GBNs readily combine PTT with chemotherapy. Reports indicate that the efficacy and safety of combined therapy are significantly higher compared to chemotherapy or PTT alone. , The photothermal effect and targeting of GBNs can be enhanced through surface modification . For instance, Deng et al designed GO-PEG as a photothermal material to explore the PTT efficiency on macrophage RAW264.7, in vivo and in vitro .…”

Insight into the Luminescence Alternation of Sub‐30 nm Upconversion Nanoparticles with a Small NaHoF4 Core and Multi‐Gd3+/Yb3+ Coexisting Shells

“…[ 1–3 ] With narrow luminescence peak width, reduced photobleaching, high physical and chemical stability, low toxicity, etc., [ 4–8 ] RE‐doped UCNPs have been widely utilized in all sorts of fields, [ 9–17 ] especially in photoinduced therapies. [ 18–24 ] Among these UCNPs, activator (usually Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , Ho 3+ ) or sensitizer (usually Yb 3+ ) highly doped ones, provided with unique optical properties like exceptional brightness, single‐band emission, lifetime tuning, and so on, [ 25 ] which are of great bioapplication potentials, have become a hot research focus recently. [ 25–33 ] However, progress has been severely limited as once the activator or sensitizer concentration goes beyond certain values, upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensities would be substantially weakened.…”

Theranostic Applications of Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoactivated Therapies

“…This was supported by real-time visualization of tumor accumulation of the multifunctional nanoparticles and progression of therapy by tri-modal (fluorescence, photoacoustic and MRI) imaging [91]. Similar image-guided and oxygen-augmented photoactivated therapy was demonstrated by Gulzar et al, using a multifunctional nanocomposite system consisting of MnO 2 nanoparticles, reduced nanographene oxide (rGO), upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), Chlorin e6, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) [92].…”