The therapeutic effect of traditional chemodynamic therapy (CDT)
agents is severely restricted by their weakly acidic pH and glutathione
(GSH) overexpression in the tumor microenvironment. Here, fusiform-like
copper(II)-based tetrakis(4-carboxy phenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) nanoscale
metal–organic frameworks (nMOFs) were designed and constructed
for the first time (named PCN-224(Cu)-GOD@MnO2). The coated
MnO2 layer can not only avoid conjugation of glucose oxidase
(GOD) to damage normal cells but also catalyzes the generation of
O2 from H2O2 to enhance the oxidation
of glucose (Glu) by GOD, which also provides abundant H2O2 for the subsequent Cu+-based Fenton-like
reaction. Meanwhile, the Cu2+ chelated to the TCPP ligand
is converted to Cu+ by the excess GSH in the tumor, which
reduces the tumor antioxidant activity to improve the CDT effect.
Next, the Cu+ reacts with the plentiful H2O2 by enzyme catalysis to produce a toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2)
is synchronously generated from combination with Cu+, O2, and H2O via the Russell mechanism.
Furthermore, the nanoplatform can be used for both TCPP-based in vivo fluorescence imaging and Mn2+-induced T
1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. In conclusion,
fusiform-like PCN-224(Cu)-GOD@MnO2 nMOFs facilitate the
therapeutic efficiency of chemodynamic and starvation therapy via combination with relief hypoxia and GSH depletion after
acting as an accurate imaging guide.
This is high demand to enhance the accumulation of near-infrared theranostic agents in the tumor region, which is favorable to the effective phototherapy. Compared with indocyanine green (a clinically applied dye), IR-780 iodide possesses higher and more stable fluorescence intensity and can be utilized as an imaging-guided PTT agent with laser irradiation. However, lipophilicity and short circulation time limit its applications in cancer imaging and therapy. Moreover, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) conjugated with c(RGDyK) was designed as efficient carriers to improve the targeted delivery of IR-780 to the tumors. The multifunctional cRGD-IR-780 SLNs exhibited a desirable monodispersity, preferable stability and significant targeting to cell lines overexpressing αβ integrin. Additionally, the in vitro assays such as cell viability and in vivo PTT treatment denoted that U87MG cells or U87MG transplantation tumors could be eradicated by applying cRGD-IR-780 SLNs under laser irradiation. Therefore, the resultant cRGD-IR-780 SLNs may serve as a promising NIR imaging-guided targeting PTT agent for cancer therapy.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also well-known as hydrotalcite-like layered clays, have been widely investigated in the fields of catalysts and catalyst support, anion exchanger, electrical and optical functional materials, flame retardants and nanoadditives. This feature article focuses on the progress in micro-/nanostructured LDHs in terms of morphology, and also on the preparations, applications, and perspectives of the LDHs with different morphologies.
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