Amperometric determination of choline released from rat submandibular gland acinar cells using a choline oxidase biosensor

A performance comparison of choline biosensors: anodic or cathodic detections of H2O2 generated by enzyme immobilized on a conducting polymer

“…Until now, several methods for the detection of choline have been reported. A number of enzyme electrodes, with immobilized ChO, were reported for choline determination based on the direct or mediated detection of liberated hydrogen peroxide (Garguilo and Michael, 1995;Cagnini et al, 1995;Leca et al, 1995;Doretti et al, 1996;Campanella et al, 1998;Moscone et al, 2001;Razola et al, 2003). Amperometric biosensors based on the immobilization of bi-enzymes HRP and ChO for the determination of choline were also reported (Garguilo et al, 1993;Mao and Yamamoto, 2000).…”

Effects of the type of polycation in the coating films prepared by a layer-by-layer deposition technique on the properties of amperometric choline sensors

“…8, the (ChOx/PEI) 10 choline sensors, the detection limit was 0.5 × 10 −6 M, based on three times measurements with the standard deviation of the blank (95% confidence level, k = 3, n = 5). Because of the high sensitivity of these electrodes, it is more useful than those prepared by using other techniques reported in literatures [5][6][7][8] though lower than that of some reported sensors [9][10][11]. The reported sensors whose sensitivity is higher than that in this paper have been constructed by two kinds of enzymes (ChOx and horseradish peroxidase) together or by using the conduct polymer.…”

“…The chromatographic methods can be used for these analyses, but it is time consuming and expensive. Choline oxidase (ChOx) is widely used to fabricate an amperometric sensor for the detection of choline, as it offers a simple, inexpensive, rapid operation and reliable alternatives [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. ChOx catalyses the oxidation of choline to betaine and hydrogen peroxide as follows [Eq.…”

“…Amperometric biosensors for choline have been reported by immobilizing ChOx on the electrode by many kinds of supports such as lipid films and dendrimers [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, the enzymes immobilized by conventional methods such as cross-linking and entrapping in polymeric gels cannot always exhibit satisfactorily high response.…”

A new microdialysis-electrochemical device for in vivo simultaneous determination of acetylcholine and choline in rat brain treated with N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol

“…Several strategies have been employed to minimize the interference from electroactive species in biological samples. The most effective means is to modify the biosensor with various films, such as Nafion coating that restricts the access of potential interferences by electrostatic repulsion (Cui et al, 2001;Qiu et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2003), nonconducting polymer that restricts the permeability of small molecules (Miao et al, 2004(Miao et al, , 2005, cellulose acetate membrane that removes the interfering species by size exclusion (Srivastava and Shukla, 2003;Florou et al, 2000;Marinesco and Carew, 2002;Badea et al, 2001), enzyme scavenger that eliminates an interference by enzymatic conversion (Mitchell, 2004;Garguilo and Michael, 1995), or redox mediator that permits operation at lower potentials (Razola et al, 2003;Garguilo and Michael, 1993;Cui et al, 2001).…”