Ammonium polyphosphate modified with β-cyclodextrin crosslinking rigid polyurethane foam: Enhancing thermal stability and suppressing flame spread

Li, Qimin; Wang, Jingyu; Chen, Lamei; Shi, Hui; Hao, Jianwei

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.024

Cited by 72 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Peaks at 880 and 1075 cm −1 correspond to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of PO groups from APP, respectively. Furthermore, peaks at 1256 and 3200 cm −1 correspond to the stretching vibration of the PO and NH groups from APP, respectively . The spectrum of PMAPP reveals not only absorption peaks of APP, but also the characteristic bands of PMMA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mechanical property improvement and fire hazard reduction of ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulated in rigid polyurethane foam

Zhou

Cheng

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective phosphorus‐containing flame retardant. But APP also has excellent hygroscopic capacity and decreases the mechanical property of composite. The aim of the study was to microencapsulate APP with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to prepare microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (PMAPP) in order to eliminate the harmful effects caused by the mechanical property of composite. The microcapsules are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and hydroscopicity test and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fire hazard of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is evaluated using a cone calorimeter and limited oxygen index test. The mechanical property of RPUF is studied by compressive strength test. The results show that APP has been microencapsulated by PMMA successfully and the shell does not decrease the beneficial effect of APP on fire hazard of RPUF. Furthermore, the shell also reduces the damage of APP on the mechanical property of composite. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48307.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mechanical property improvement and fire hazard reduction of ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulated in rigid polyurethane foam

Zhou

Cheng

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Compared with the FTIR spectra of RF, peaks of MRF at 880 and 1075 cm −1 correspond to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of P―O groups, respectively. Furthermore, peaks at 1256 and 3200 cm −1 correspond to the stretching vibration of the P═O and N―H groups, respectively …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flame‐retardant ramie fiber on enhancing performance of the rigid polyurethane foams

Cheng

Wang

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Ramie fiber (RF) with excellent tensile strength was treated by a flame retardant and obtained the modified RF (MRF) that is incombustible. Then, MRF was used to improve the performance of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF). The mechanical properties of the composite were investigated by compressive strength test and shear stress test. The fire characteristics were studied using a cone calorimeter. And the thermal decomposition and flammable properties were further evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and limiting oxygen index. The results showed that MRF improve the mechanical properties of RPUF and eliminate the harm of flammability of RF on the RPUF.

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“…Accordingly, a char layer with polycyclic aromatic structure bridged by P-O-C and P-O was formed. The char layer effectively prevented the transfer of heat, oxygen, combustible gas, and smoke particles and thus prevented the combustion of pure epoxy [ 20 , 21 ]. This mechanism may explain the substantial smoke suppression effect of the Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO flame retardant on the pure epoxy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites

Liu

Chiang

2021

Polymers

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In the study, agricultural waste bagasse was used as a bio-based flame retardant for reducing the flammability of epoxy. Specifically, an interpenetrating network (IPN) was formed through a ring opening reaction between the hydroxyl functional group of bagasse and the epoxy group of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), forming Bagasse@TGIC. Next, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) was mixed with Bagasse@TGIC, inducing a reaction between the active hydrogen of DOPO and the epoxy group of TGIC, ultimately forming Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO with an IPN structure. Finally, the novel flame retardant was added to epoxy to create a composite. The integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) of pure epoxy is 619 °C; after the introduction of the 30 wt% flame retardant, the IPDT of the resultant composite material increased to 799 °C, greatly increasing the thermal stability by 29%. After the addition of the Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO flame retardant, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% for the pure epoxy to 29% for the composite, and the UL-94 rating improved from failing rating for the pure epoxy and V-0 rating for the composite. The Raman spectrum indicated that the addition of Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO IPN substantially increased the biochar yield during the burning process, increasing thermal stability. These results confirmed that the epoxy/Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO composite had substantial flame retarding effects.

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Ammonium polyphosphate modified with β-cyclodextrin crosslinking rigid polyurethane foam: Enhancing thermal stability and suppressing flame spread

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Mechanical property improvement and fire hazard reduction of ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulated in rigid polyurethane foam

Mechanical property improvement and fire hazard reduction of ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulated in rigid polyurethane foam

Effects of flame‐retardant ramie fiber on enhancing performance of the rigid polyurethane foams

Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites

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