Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites

Liu, Shang-Hao; Ke, Cing-Yu; Chiang, Chin‐Lung

doi:10.3390/polym13172977

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Agricultural waste bagasse was treated with triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to graft nitrogen and phosphorous-containing compounds onto its surface [50]. Then, the modified bagasse was incorporated with the epoxy network to fabricate fire-retardant epoxy composites.…”

Section: Grass Fiber-based Epoxy Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Fillers as Potential Modifying Agents for Epoxy Composition: A Review

2022

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Epoxy resins as important organic matrices, thanks to their chemical structure and the possibility of modification, have unique properties, which contribute to the fact that these materials have been used in many composite industries for many years. Epoxy resins are repeatedly used in exacting applications due to their exquisite mechanical properties, thermal stability, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance. Moreover, epoxy materials also have really strong resistance to solvents, chemical attacks, and climatic aging. The presented features confirm the fact that there is a constant interest of scientists in the modification of resins and understanding its mechanisms, as well as in the development of these materials to obtain systems with the required properties. Most of the recent studies in the literature are focused on green fillers such as post-agricultural waste powder (cashew nuts powder, coconut shell powder, rice husks, date seed), grass fiber (bamboo fibers), bast/leaf fiber (hemp fibers, banana bark fibers, pineapple leaf), and other natural fibers (waste tea fibers, palm ash) as reinforcement for epoxy resins rather than traditional non-biodegradable fillers due to their sustainability, low cost, wide availability, and the use of waste, which is environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the advantages of natural fillers over traditional fillers are acceptable specific strength and modulus, lightweight, and good biodegradability, which is very desirable nowadays. Therefore, the development and progress of “green products” based on epoxy resin and natural fillers as reinforcements have been increasing. Many uses of natural plant-derived fillers include many plant wastes, such as banana bark, coconut shell, and waste peanut shell, can be found in the literature. Partially biodegradable polymers obtained by using natural fillers and epoxy polymers can successfully reduce the undesirable epoxy and synthetic fiber waste. Additionally, partially biopolymers based on epoxy resins, which will be presented in the paper, are more useful than commercial polymers due to the low cost and improved good thermomechanical properties.

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Section: Grass Fiber-based Epoxy Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make fine fillers, Figure 6. The reaction process of epoxy/bagasse @TGIC@DOPO IPN [50]. Open access.…”

Section: Grass Fiber-based Epoxy Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Fillers as Potential Modifying Agents for Epoxy Composition: A Review

2022

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“…The addition of bagasse to EP was used as a synergistic agent to achieve a specific fire-resistance effect. Shen et al [65,66] studied the use of agricultural waste bagasse as a synergistic agent to enhance the flame retardancy of EP. They combined bagasse@epoxy of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC)@DOPO with EP to create an interpenetrating network (IPN) composite.…”

Section: Bagassementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Waste towards More Sustainable Flame-Retardant Solutions for Polymers: A Review

Ma,

Yin,

et al. 2024

Materials

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The development of sustainable flame retardants is gaining momentum due to their enhanced safety attributes and environmental compatibility. One effective strategy is to use waste materials as a primary source of chemical components, which can help mitigate environmental issues associated with traditional flame retardants. This paper reviews recent research in flame retardancy for waste flame retardants, categorizing them based on waste types like industrial, food, and plant waste. The paper focuses on recent advancements in this area, focusing on their impact on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of polymeric materials. The study also provides a summary of functionalization methodologies used and key factors involved in modifying polymer systems. Finally, their major challenges and prospects for the future are identified.

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Micro/nano fillers for value‐added polymer composites: A comprehensive review

Chandran,

Rangappa,

Suyambulingam

et al. 2024

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The need for new sustainable engineering materials using polymer composites is evolving every day. Researchers are in a race to develop value‐added products from natural renewable sources and discarded waste materials. Studies indicate several hurdles while trying to provide ecologically friendly materials for product manufacturing over the years. Natural materials are more readily available, biodegradable, more affordable, have less processing health hazards, and are more environmentally friendly than synthetic materials. As the price of commercial polymers decreased, the incorporation of fillers became increasingly necessary for technical reasons.. The market for polymers can actually be expanded by appropriately combining fillers and polymers to produce a wide range of qualities in these two components. This review provides an overview on a variety of organic and inorganic fillers which were incorporated into the polymer composites and their influence on the physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites by various characterization methods and their In fact, it is possible to achieve a wide range of qualities in these two components by appropriately combining polymers and fillers, which expands the market for which polymers may be employed.application scopes. This review aims to thoroughly examine and assess various polymer and filler combinations, with a particular emphasis on their potential suitability for a range of engineering and industrial applications. These encompass microelectronics, biomedical fields, flexible electronics, flame retardant uses, food packaging, automotive and aerospace sectors, as well as applications within the construction industry for structural and semi‐structural purposes.Highlights New polymer composite engineering materials with long‐term sustainability Value‐added product development from renewable resources and discarded waste materials. Provide information to select appropriate reinforcements for composite manufacturing. Diverse discussion on the application of fillers and their composites.

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Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Natural Fillers as Potential Modifying Agents for Epoxy Composition: A Review

Natural Fillers as Potential Modifying Agents for Epoxy Composition: A Review

Exploiting Waste towards More Sustainable Flame-Retardant Solutions for Polymers: A Review

Micro/nano fillers for value‐added polymer composites: A comprehensive review

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