Effects of flame‐retardant ramie fiber on enhancing performance of the rigid polyurethane foams

Cheng, Jiaji; Wang, Haodong; Wang, Xu; Li, Shaoxiang; Zhou, Yue; Zhang, Feng; Wang, Yong; Qu, Wenjuan; Dong, Wei; Pang, Xiujiang

doi:10.1002/pat.4741

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The results presented in Table 3 indicate that depending on clove filler concentration, the porosity of PU foam composites decreases from 91% to 87% for samples PU-1 and PU-5, respectively. This phenomenon was well-described in previous studies and it is attributed to the poor interphase interaction between PU matrix and filler surface, which promotes cell collapsing of crowded cells leading to the formation of open cells [50][51][52].…”

Section: Cellular Structure Of Pu Composite Foamssupporting

confidence: 72%

Bio-Based Polyurethane Composite Foams with Improved Mechanical, Thermal, and Antibacterial Properties

et al. 2020

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Among different organic fillers, the chemical composition of Syzygium aromaticum, commonly known as cloves, has great potential as a sustainable reinforcement for polymeric materials. In the study, grounded cloves were used as cellulosic filler for a novel polyurethane (PU) composite foams. Soybean oil-based PU composite foams were successfully reinforced with different concentrations (1, 2, and 5 wt%) of clove filler. PU foams were examined by rheological behavior, processing parameters, cellular structure (scanning electron microscopy analysis), mechanical properties (compression test, impact test, three-point bending test), thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis), viscoelastic behavior (dynamic mechanical analysis) as well as selected application properties (apparent density, dimensional stability, surface hydrophobicity, water absorption, color characteristic). In order to undertake the disc diffusion method, all PU composites were tested against selected bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the addition of 1 and 2 wt% of clove filler leads to PU composite foams with improved compression strength (improvement by ≈18% for sample PU-1), greater flexural strength (increase of ≈11%), and improved impact strength (increase of ≈8%). Moreover, it has been proved that clove filler may be used as a natural anti-aging compound for polymeric materials. Based on the antibacterial results, it has been shown that the addition of clove filler significantly improved the antibacterial properties of PU foams and is suitable for the manufacturing of antimicrobial PU composite foams. Due to these positive and beneficial effects, it can be stated that the use of cloves as a natural filler in PU composite foams can promote a new application path in converting agricultural waste into useful resources for creating a new class of green materials.

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Section: Cellular Structure Of Pu Composite Foamssupporting

confidence: 72%

Bio-Based Polyurethane Composite Foams with Improved Mechanical, Thermal, and Antibacterial Properties

et al. 2020

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“…Increased value of LOI is observed for PUR foams containing impregnated HS fillers—the LOI increases to 20.8 and 21.6%, for PUR_HS/SO and PUR_HS/TO, respectively. Chan et al [ 68 ] have reported similar results in the case of PUR foams enhanced with ramie fibers in the amount of 0.2–0.8 wt.%. It has been shown that the carbonization of the fibers during the combustion process results in the formation of pores, preventing the propagation of the flame through the PUR matrix and increasing the value of LOI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Impact of Hemp Shives Impregnated with Selected Plant Oils on Mechanical, Thermal, and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

2020

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Polyurethane (PUR) foams reinforced with 2 wt.% hemp shives (HS) fillers were successfully synthesized. Three different types of HS fillers were evaluated—non-treated HS, HS impregnated with sunflower oil (SO) and HS impregnated with tung oil (TO). The impact of each type of HS fillers on cellular morphology, mechanical performances, thermal stability, and flame retardancy was evaluated. It has been shown that the addition of HS fillers improved the mechanical characteristics of PUR foams. Among all modified series, the greatest improvement was observed after the incorporation of non-treated HS filler—when compared with neat foams, the value of compressive strength increased by ~13%. Moreover, the incorporation of impregnated HS fillers resulted in the improvement of thermal stability and flame retardancy of PUR foams. For example, the addition of both types of impregnated HS fillers significantly decreased the value of heat peak release (pHRR), total smoke release (TSR), and limiting oxygen index (LOI). Moreover, the PUR foams containing impregnated fillers were characterized by improved hydrophobicity and limited water uptake. The obtained results confirmed that the modification of PUR foams with non-treated and impregnated HS fillers may be a successful approach in producing polymeric composites with improved properties.

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“…When compared with the PUR_REF, the value of TSR decreases by ~7% for PUR_L, ~29% for PUR_L_K, and ~30% for PUR_L_HA. This suggests that incorporation of lavender fillers protects the PUR structure from further combustion and prevents the heat transfer [ 84 ] through the PUR matrix. Furthermore, the incorporation of lavender fillers can decrease the value of total heat release (THR).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite

et al. 2021

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Polyurethane (PUR) composites were modified with 2 wt.% of lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite (K) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The impact of lavender fillers on selected properties of PUR composites, such as rheological properties (dynamic viscosity, foaming behavior), mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength), insulation properties (thermal conductivity), thermal characteristic (temperature of thermal decomposition stages), flame retardancy (e.g., ignition time, limiting oxygen index, heat peak release) and performance properties (water uptake, contact angle) was investigated. Among all modified types of PUR composites, the greatest improvement was observed for PUR composites filled with lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite and hydroxyapatite. For example, on the addition of functionalized lavender fillers, the compressive strength was enhanced by ~16–18%, flexural strength by ~9–12%, and impact strength by ~7%. Due to the functionalization of lavender filler with thermally stable flame retardant compounds, such modified PUR composites were characterized by higher temperatures of thermal decomposition. Most importantly, PUR composites filled with flame retardant compounds exhibited improved flame resistance characteristics—in both cases, the value of peak heat release was reduced by ~50%, while the value of total smoke release was reduced by ~30%.

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Effects of flame‐retardant ramie fiber on enhancing performance of the rigid polyurethane foams

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Bio-Based Polyurethane Composite Foams with Improved Mechanical, Thermal, and Antibacterial Properties

Bio-Based Polyurethane Composite Foams with Improved Mechanical, Thermal, and Antibacterial Properties

The Impact of Hemp Shives Impregnated with Selected Plant Oils on Mechanical, Thermal, and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite

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