Amiodarone: A potential risk factor for retinal phototoxicity

Joshi, Kailash; Gill, Manjot K.

doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2016.12.019

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Blue-grey pigmentation occurs in patients undergoing long-term therapy [116,117]. Amiodarone use is also connected with retinal phototoxicity [118]. Amiodarone and its metabolite, desethylamiodarone, have photosensitizer properties [8,115].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms

et al. 2021

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Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient’s comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity. The following factors are considered: the chemical properties, the influence of individual ranges of sunlight, the presence of melanin biopolymers, and the defense mechanisms of particular types of tested cells.

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Section: Cardiovascular Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms

et al. 2021

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“…Jest to najprawdopodobniej spowodowane generowaniem wolnych rodników tlenowych. Fotonadwrażliwość może objawiać się rumieniem, pseudoporfirią [62], niebiesko-szarą pigmentacją w miejscach wystawionych na słońce [64], a także uszkodzeniem siatkówki [65].…”

Section: Leki Przeciwarytmiczeunclassified

Zjawisko Fotonadwrażliwości – Istotne Działanie Niepożądane Powszechnie Stosowanych Leków

Lis¹,

Wyszomierska²,

Znajdek³

et al. 2021

pps

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Fotonadwrażliwość indukowana lekami to niepożądane działanie środków leczniczych podanych miejscowo lub ogólnoustrojowo, wywołane ekspozycją na promieniowanie UVA, UVB oraz światło widzialne. Stanowi ok. 8% reakcji skórnych na leki. Może być efektem fototoksyczności, gdy następuje fotoaktywacja substancji leczniczej lub jej metabolitu w skórze, skutkująca powstaniem fotoproduktu lub reaktywnych form tlenu (RFT), albo stanowić następstwo fotoalergii – opóźnionej reakcji nadwrażliwości typu IV na fotoprodukt. Występowanie tych zjawisk jest zależne od budowy cząsteczki oraz właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych ksenobiotyku. Wiele substancji leczniczych ma potencjał do wywoływania fotonadwrażliwości, m.in. leki przeciwdrobnoustrojowe (doksycyklina, tetracyklina, izoniazyd), leki przeciwgrzybicze (worykonazol), niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne (naproksen, ketoprofen, piroksykam), leki stosowane w chorobach układu sercowo-naczyniowego (amiodaron, hydrochlorotiazyd), leki przeciwpsychotyczne (chloropromazyna, tiorydazyna), furanokumaryny (pochodne psoralenu), a także substancje roślinne, takie jak ziele dziurawca. Diagnostyka fotonadwrażliwości opiera się na wykonaniu fototestu. Zapobieganie temu zjawisku obejmuje unikanie ekspozycji na słońce oraz stosowanie ochrony przeciwsłonecznej, zaś leczenie skupia się na łagodzeniu objawów i podawaniu leków przeciwzapalnych w przypadku fotoalergii.

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“…It releases a 20 to 40 times higher iodine level. Amiodarone causes multiple hazardous effects as thyroid dysfunction 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The possible ameliorating effect of exosomes derived mesenchymal stem cells and L- carnitine on amiodarone induced thyroid follicular cells toxicity in adult male albino rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study

Mohamed¹,

Mansy

Mohamed

et al. 2023

Benha Medical Journal

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Background: Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug. It causes thyroid dysfunction. Objective: To explore the possible therapeutic effect of L-carnitine and exosomes on amiodarone induced thyroid follicular cells toxicity. Materials and Methods:Sixty-two rats divided into 7 groups. Group I (control), group II (they were treated with amiodarone orally in a dose of 60 mg/kg for 6 weeks, group III (they were treated with L-carnitine in a dose of 500 mg/ kg for 4weeks),and group IV (they were treated with exosomes which were given in 3 doses of exosomes. Some rats from this group were sacrificed immediately after the last dose. While, The remaining rats stayed another 10 days formed group VII, group V (they were treated with L-carnitine and exosomes together), group VI (recovery group) and Group VII (exosomes withdrawal). Results: Groups II and VI showed loss of normal follicular architecture. The follicular epithelial cells showed more than one layer with small dark nuclei. The interfollicular tissue showed congested vessels and infiltrates.Ultrathin sections of these groups showed follicular epithelium with irregular nuclei. The cytoplasm showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and degenerated mitochondria. Furthermore, there was intense positive collagen and Ki-67 in these groups (p< 0.01). Groups III, IV, V and VII showed improvement. Biochemical Results: a significant increase in TSH in groups II and VI in comparison to control.While, there was a significant decrease in the levels of FT3 and FT4. Serum TSH levels were decreased in groups III, IV, VII and V. while, free T3 and T4 levels were increased. Conclusion:L-carnitine and exosomes can improve thyroid dysfunction.

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Amiodarone: A potential risk factor for retinal phototoxicity

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms

Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms

Zjawisko Fotonadwrażliwości – Istotne Działanie Niepożądane Powszechnie Stosowanych Leków

The possible ameliorating effect of exosomes derived mesenchymal stem cells and L- carnitine on amiodarone induced thyroid follicular cells toxicity in adult male albino rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study

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