The possible ameliorating effect of exosomes derived mesenchymal stem cells and L- carnitine on amiodarone induced thyroid follicular cells toxicity in adult male albino rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study

Abstract

Background: Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug. It causes thyroid dysfunction. Objective: To explore the possible therapeutic effect of L-carnitine and exosomes on amiodarone induced thyroid follicular cells toxicity. Materials and Methods:Sixty-two rats divided into 7 groups. Group I (control), group II (they were treated with amiodarone orally in a dose of 60 mg/kg for 6 weeks, group III (they were treated with L-carnitine in a dose of 500 mg/ kg for 4weeks),and group IV (they were treated with exosomes which were given in 3 doses of exosomes. Some rats from this group were sacrificed immediately after the last dose. While, The remaining rats stayed another 10 days formed group VII, group V (they were treated with L-carnitine and exosomes together), group VI (recovery group) and Group VII (exosomes withdrawal). Results: Groups II and VI showed loss of normal follicular architecture. The follicular epithelial cells showed more than one layer with small dark nuclei. The interfollicular tissue showed congested vessels and infiltrates.Ultrathin sections of these groups showed follicular epithelium with irregular nuclei. The cytoplasm showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and degenerated mitochondria. Furthermore, there was intense positive collagen and Ki-67 in these groups (p< 0.01). Groups III, IV, V and VII showed improvement. Biochemical Results: a significant increase in TSH in groups II and VI in comparison to control.While, there was a significant decrease in the levels of FT3 and FT4. Serum TSH levels were decreased in groups III, IV, VII and V. while, free T3 and T4 levels were increased. Conclusion:L-carnitine and exosomes can improve thyroid dysfunction.