“…34,35 In our previous studies, we reported the solvothermal synthesis of ITO NPs with a cubic shape, 36,37 a narrow size distribution, 38 and protrusions on the NP surface; 39 in contrast, only indium hydroxide (In(OH) 3 ) NPs with a cubic shape were formed, and no ITO NPs were obtained when hydrothermal NP synthesis was conducted. 40 In the case of ZO, AZO, and/or GZO NPs, 41 solvothermal methods 42 in ethanol, 43−47 benzyl alcohol, 48 and methoxyethanol 47 have been reported. Regarding the application of nanoink-coating methods to prepare TCO films, the particle mean size of AZO and GZO reported in previous studies 43,44,46 was too large to prevent light scattering, thus reducing transparency in the visible light region.…”