Amino Acid and Proximate Composition of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Biomass Cultivated in Cassava Mill Effluents

Abstract

Cassava mill effluent (CME) is generated during cassava processing into cassava flake or gari. The effluents affects the quality of the receiving environment such soil. It is could affect domestic animals such as goat and sheep when they ingest it, and retard normal growth and productivity of plants in the affected soil. This study evaluated amino acid and proximate composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivated in cassava mill effluents. S. cerevisiae used in this study was isolated from palm wine based on cultural, morphological, and physiological/biochemical characteristics. 10 ml of S. cerevisiae broth was inoculated into 100ml of sterile cassava mill effluents filtered with double muslin cloth. The medium was shaken intermittently between 7.00 to 19.00 hours' time interval. The medium was decanted and subsequently filtered using Whatman filter paper. The resultant biomass was washed with distilled water and re-filtered. The sludge/biomass recovered were oven dried. Amino acid and proximate composition of the yeast biomass produced was analyzed using spectrophotometer. Proximate composition was also analyzed following standard procedure. Result showed that the total essential amino acid (40.88 g/100 g) was slightly higher than the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) standard for feed use. While the total non-essential amino acid (21.56 g/100 g) was lower than FAO/WHO limits. Mean proximate composition was 17.01% (crude protein), 7.34% (ash), 56.40% (carbohydrate) and 407.13 kcal/100 g (calorific value/energy content). The findings of this study showed that during fermentation of cassava mill effluents with S. cerevisiae an appreciable amount protein is enriched considering the fact that the substrate is a waste.

Feed potentials of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass cultivated in palm oil and cassava mill effluents

“…Based on Table 2, the amino acids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass from both effluents in comparison to Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization limits for single cell protein meant for animal feed revealed that the values of the essential amino acids including isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, histidine and combination of phenylalanine, tyrosine etc were superior and/ or comparable to recommended limit for single cell protein. On the other hand the total non-essential amino acids were lower compared to Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization limits 54 (Table 2), a trend that have been previously reported by Izah et al 19 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass culture in cassava mill effluents and Iwuagwu and Ugwuanyi 47 in Saccharomyces species biomass cultured in palm oil mill effluents. The values of essential amino acids suggest that they can be used for animal feed if every other nutrient constituent are adequate.…”

“…Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured in cassava mill effluents have been reported to contain essential heavy metals, 20 low cyanide and cations, 18 proximate composition and amino acids. 19 Furthermore, proximate composition, amino acids, heavy metals, cations, etc have been reported in brewer's yeast. 51 52 reported that Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BY 4743) could enhance the protein content of potato peels through fermentation.…”

Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

“…Cassava is a major source of staple food to several families in tropical Africa Emurotu et al 1 especially in Nigeria that is the largest producing nation in the world Izah et al, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Izah & Ohimain, 11 Ohimain et al 12 Cassava cultivation and processing is carried out predominantly by smallholder in Nigeria. According to Kigigha et al 13 cassava cultivation, processing and marketing of its associated products is a major source of livelihood to several families especially in rural setting in Nigeria.…”

Growth Pattern of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Cassava Mill Effluents

“…Several human activities that impact on the soil including municipal solid wastes that are poorly managed in many developing countries [10], food processing effluents such as oil palm processing wastewater [11,12] and cassava mill effluents [1][2][3][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], wastes emanating from markets [22][23][24], slaughterhouse [25] etc. These wastes stream have the tendency to alter the characteristics of the receiving soil.…”

“…Basically Nigeria is the global leading cassava producing countries [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][26][27][28][29][30]. The cassava production in Nigeria has exceeded the combined production of second (Thailand) and third (Indonesia) largest cassava production countries in the world.…”