Feed potentials of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass cultivated in palm oil and cassava mill effluents

Abstract

Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass is one of the microbes of food safety. In animals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae in their diets are known to play several vital roles including prevention of diarrhea and mortality, boosting of immune system, performance, milk production, fiber degradation and nutrient digestability, adsorption of toxic metal such as cadmium, stabilization of rumen pH and microorganisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been widely cultured in several waste feedstocks' including cassava and palm oil mill effluents. Nigeria is the largest and fifth leading producer of cassava and oil palm, respectively in the world. During processing, large volume of wastewater are generated as effluents. These wastewaters are known to cause severe environmental impacts including odour pollution and bareness in receiving soil. In aquatic ecosystem both effluents could lead to eutrophication and increased acidity content. Specifically, cassava mill effluent could cause toxicity on fisheries, vegetation, ruminant animals. This study reviews the potentials of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass cultured in oil palm and cassava processing effluents for utilization in animal feed. The study showed that biomass cultured in both effluents contain high total essential amino acids (>40g/100g) compare to Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization standard values (33.9g/100g) for feed. Based on proximate composition the results are also promising especially with protein content which is higher than 17%. But the yield was low (approximately 4g/l) in both effluents. In cassava mill effluents, palm oil, heat and fermentation aid in the reduction of cyanide content. Hence, there is the need for research to focus on manipulation of the environmental parameters such as pH and temperature to increase yield, nutrient content (viz: amino acids and proximate compositions). This could aid in minimizing the environmental effects associated with cassava and oil palm processing wastewater.

"Estimation of Potential Cassava Mill Effluents Discharged into Nigerian Environment "

“…There is the need for utilization in several other fields through biotechnological advances. Some of the area that cassava based products have demonstrated positive effect for sustainable management practices including energy production viz: bioethanol [35,[41][42][43], biogas [44][45][46][47][48], bio-electricity using microbial fuel cells technology [49][50][51][52][53]; animal feed production [22,26,54], bio-surfactants [55], raw materials for production of amino acids [26], enzymes [56,57], organic acids etc. The conversion of the potential cassava mill effluents to bio-valued products could create employment for several families especially in region of high cassava production.…”

“…This could be due to its toxicity level. Several toxicant have been reported in cassava mill effluents including cyanides [23], heavy metals [24], acidic pH [34][35][36], high concentration of chemical oxygen demand, anions (sulphate, nitrate, phosphate), salinity, total dissolved solid, conductivity, turbidity, etc [25]. The toxicity of the effluents may be highly influenced by the cyanide content, acidic pH and heavy metals content.…”

Some determinant factors of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of plant extracts

“…Another bacterium, Lactobacillus bulgaricus is essential in human diet because of its role in yoghurt production. These two microbes are typical example of grass organisms that have implicated with food safety [7].…”

"Estimation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass Cultured in Cassava Mill Effluents"

“…Reethus et al [3] reported that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mainly used in animal, while Saccharomyces boulardii is the most commercially used probiotics (a live microbial feed supplemented to animal diets to enhance the balance of microbes found in the intestines). Saccharomyces cerevisiae are widely used in fermentation processes of sugar rich substances such as cassava wastes [4,5], grapes, sugarcane, fruit wastes [3].…”