Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com MOJ AbstractGari (cassava flake) is a major staple food in Nigeria. It's also a major source of energy food to several families. This study evaluated the health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. Triplicate gari sample were obtained from four different markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. The samples were ashed, digested and analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. Health risk assessment was carried out using target hazard quotient, health risk index and daily intake index. Result revealed that the heavy metals concentration ranged from 1.32-3.81 mg/kg (manganese), 2.21-5.66 mg/kg (zinc), 1.00-3.72 mg/kg (copper) and 11.16-38.75 mg/kg (iron). There was significant difference (P<0.05) in each of the heavy metals among the various locations. The target hazard quotient and health risk index values were <1. This indicates no potential health risk of the studied heavy metals in the gari among the population under study.Citation: Kigigha LT, Nyenke P, Izah SC. Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. MOJ Toxicol. 2018;4(2):47-52.Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria 48Citation: Kigigha LT, Nyenke P, Izah SC. Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. MOJ Toxicol. 2018;4(2):47-52.Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria Citation: Kigigha LT, Nyenke P, Izah SC. Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria. MOJ Toxicol. 2018;4(2):47-52.Health risk assessment of selected heavy metals in gari (cassava flake) sold in some major markets in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

Health Risks Associated With Heavy Metals in Commercial Chicken Meat via Consumption Within Southern Nigeria

“…An estimated value of greater than or equal to one (1), suggests adverse health hazard to heavy metal exposures (Kigigha et al, 2018). From Table 3, the HR for all the metals studied did not exceed one (1) in both children and adults, except for the children HR value for Cd (1.8170) in Warri location, suggesting a possible health risk in exposed children.…”

“…In recent times, attentions of researchers have shifted to the investigation of health risks associated with the exposure to heavy metals in different food globally (Shaheen et al, 2016;Ekhator et al, 2017;Abdel-Rahman, et al, 2018;Elalfy et al, 2018;Issa et al, 2018;Hu et al, 2018;Kigigha et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2018;Thompson and Darwish, 2019). The increasing interest currently developed by researchers globally on the challenges of heavy metal contamination is borne out of the fact that heavy metals have been known to cause serious tissues and organ damages (Ogu et al, 2017).…”

Preliminary characterization and probabilistic risk assessment of microplastics and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in garri (cassava flake), a common staple food consumed in West Africa

“…where, EDIq/p: estimated daily intake of MPs based on quantity (EDIq) and polymer type (EDIp) through consumption of garri (MPs particles/g-year or particles/g-year); Pi/mi: average quantity of the MPs in garri sample (Pi) and quantity of the different MPs types in garri sample (Pmi) (MP particles/50 g) ; RI: ingestion rate is (800 g per day or 292000 g per year) estimated for cassava product consumption [11], [24], [25]; BW: average body weight (70 kg or 70000 g for adults; 15 kg or 15000 g for children) as described in earlier reports [17].…”

“…PTEs are naturally occurring substances in the environment, and their toxicity is determined by their concentration rather than their existence [10]. There have been many reports on the present of PTEs in local garri samples [7,8,11]. Sixty-one distinct garri samples from different counties in Liberia were analysed by Awoyale [7].…”

“…Their samples and counties had no statistically significant impact (p >.05) on the goods' heavy metal content. Lovet [11] assessed the health risks associated with a number of heavy metals present in garri sold in a number of significant markets in the Nigerian city of Yenagoa. The results showed that the concentrations of these heavy metals ranged from 1.32 to 3.81 mg/kg (manganese), 2.21 to 5.66 mg/kg (zinc), 1.00 to 3.72 mg/kg (copper), and 11.16 to 38.75 mg/kg (copper) (iron).…”