Amine-Grafted Mesoporous Carbons as Benzocaine-Delivery Platforms

Abstract

Smart porous carriers with defined structure and physicochemical properties are required for releasing the therapeutic drug with precise control of delivery time and location in the body. Due to their non-toxicity, ordered structure, and chemical and thermal stability, mesoporous carbons can be considered modern carriers for active pharmaceutical ingredients whose effectiveness needs frequent dosing algorithms. Here, the novel benzocaine delivery systems based on ordered mesoporous carbons of the cubic structure were obtained with the use of a hard template method and functionalization with amine groups at 40 °C for 8 h. It has been shown that amine grafting strongly modifies the surface chemistry and textural parameters of carbons. All samples indicated good sorption ability towards benzocaine, with evident improvement following the functionalization with the amine groups. The sorption capacity and drug release kinetics were strongly affected by the porosity of carbon carriers and the surface functional groups. The smallest amount of benzocaine (~12%) was released from pristine mesoporous carbon, which could be correlated with strong API–carrier interactions. Faster and more efficient release of the drug was observed in the case of triethylenetetramine modified carbon (~62%). All benzocaine delivery platforms based on amine-grafted mesoporous carbons revealed high permeability through the artificial membrane.

Functional pH-responsive polymers containing dynamic enaminone linkages for the release of active organic amines

“…55 Although benzocaine can be considered as a relatively safe drug that rarely causes side reactions such as hypersensitivity, it has been reported that a controlled anaesthetic effect would be beneficial, offering more lasting relief to the area in pain. 56 Initially, photoinduced Cu( ii )-mediated RDRP was employed to synthesize narrow disperse pAEMA homopolymers which were further post-modified with propylamine as a model amine and benzocaine as the amine of interest through enaminone linkages. Subsequently, the synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic block copolymers of poly[(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether]- block -poly[2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate] (mPEG x - b -pAEMA y ) is reported deriving by the chain-extension of linear in-house synthesised poly[(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether-2-bromo-2-phenylacetate] (mPEG x -BPA, x = 43 or 113) macroinitiators with AEMA.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Carbon Carriers for Losartan Potassium Delivery

“…To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports about using porous carbons as LOS delivery platforms. The development of new and upgraded preparation techniques and functionalization methods has led to carbons’ more frequent use in drug delivery, particularly ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”