The amalgamation of different disciplines is at the heart of reticular chemistry and has broadened the boundaries of chemistry by opening up an infinite space of chemical composition, structure, and material properties. Reticular design has enabled the precise prediction of crystalline framework structures, tunability of chemical composition, incorporation of various functionalities onto the framework backbone, and as a consequence, fine‐tuning of metal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) properties beyond that of any other material class. Leveraging the unique properties of reticular materials has resulted in significant advances from both a fundamental and an applied perspective. Here, we wish to review the milestones in MOF and COF research and give a critical view on progress in their real‐world applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the major challenges in the field that need to be addressed to pave the way for industrial applications.

We give a comprehensive overview of how the morphology control is an effective and versatile way to control the physicochemical properties of metal oxides that can be transferred to metal–organic frameworks and porous carbon materials.

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Christian Diercks studierte Chemiea nder UniversitätHeidelberg und führte im Grundstudium Forschungsarbeiten in der Gruppe von Prof. Jean-Pierre Sauvage an der Univer-sitätStraßburg sowie an der Northwestern University unter der Leitung von Sir James F. Stoddart durch. Seinen Ph.D. erhielt er 2018 an der UC Berkeley unter der Betreuung von Prof. Omar M. Yaghi fürs eine Arbeit über kovalente organischeG erüstverbindungen. Derzeit ist er Postdoktorandin der Gruppe von Prof. Peter G. Schultz am Scripps Research Institut und arbeitet daran, die Prozesse des zentralen Dogmas der Molekularbiologie um neue Chemien zu erweitern. Stefan Wuttke gründete die Arbeitsgruppe "WuttkeGroup for Science", welche zunächst am Lehrstuhl fürP hysikalische Chemie an der UniversitätMünchen (LMU) angesiedelt war.D erzeit ist er ein Ikerbasque Professor am BaskischenZ entrum fürMaterialien, Anwendungen und Nanostrukturen (BCMaterials, Spanien).S eine Forschung konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung von Methoden zum Schreiben und Lesen chemischer Informationen auf und aus dem Rückgrat von hybriden Gerüstmaterialien. Darüber hinaus umfassen seine Forschungsinteressen das Verständnisder chemischen und physikalischen Prozesse,d ie an ihrer Synthese und Funktionalisierung beteiligt sind. Abbildung 1. Charakteristische Merkmale von MOFsund COFs: I) Bauplan;I I) einstellbare Porosität; III) postsynthetische Modifikation zur Veränderung von Gerüst-Gast-Wechselwirkungen;IV) multivariate Funktionalisierung;V )einfache Charakterisierung;und VI) skalierbare Synthese.

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Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is one of the promising alternative anodic reactions to water oxidation that has attracted extensive attention in green hydrogen production. The application of specifically designed electrocatalysts capable of declining energy consumption and environmental consequences is one of the major challenges in this field. Therefore, the goal is to achieve a resistant, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly electrocatalyst. Herein, a water‐stable fluorinated Cu(II) metalorganic framework (MOF) {[Cu2(L)(H2O)2]·(5DMF)(4H2O)}n (Cu‐FMOF‐NH2; H4L = 3,5‐bis(2,4‐dicarboxylic acid)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)aniline) is developed utilizing an angular tetracarboxylic acid ligand that incorporates both trifluoromethyl (–CF3) and amine (–NH2) groups. The tailored structure of Cu‐FMOF‐NH2 where linkers are connected by fluoride bridges and surrounded by dicopper nodes reveals a 4,24T1 topology. When employed as electrocatalyst, Cu‐FMOF‐NH2 requires only 1.31 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) to deliver 10 mA cm−2 current density in 1.0 m KOH with 0.33 m urea electrolyte and delivered an even higher current density (50 mA cm−2) at 1.47 V versus RHE. This performance is superior to several reported catalysts including commercial RuO2 catalyst with overpotential of 1.52 V versus RHE. This investigation opens new opportunities to develop and utilize pristine MOFs as a potential electrocatalyst for various catalytic reactions.

Nowadays, materials with great potential for environmental protection are being sought. Metal–organic frameworks, in particular those with cobalt species as active sites, have drawn considerable interest due to their excellent properties. This review focuses on describing cobalt-based MOFs in the context of light-triggered processes, including dye degradation, water oxidation and splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, in addition to the oxidation of organic compounds. With the use of Co-based MOFs (e.g., ZIF-67, Co-MOF-74) as photocatalysts in these reactions, even over 90% degradation efficiencies of various dyes (e.g., methylene blue) can be achieved. Co-based MOFs also show high TOF/TON values in water splitting processes and CO2-to-CO conversion. Additionally, the majority of alcohols may be converted to aldehydes with efficiencies exceeding 90% and high selectivity. Since Co-based MOFs are effective photocatalysts, they can be applied in the elimination of toxic contaminants that endanger the environment.

The effective use of the active phase is the main goal of the optimization of supported catalysts. However, carbon supports do not interact strongly with metal oxides, thus, oxidative treatment is often used to enhance the number of anchoring sites for deposited particles. In this study, we set out to investigate whether the oxidation pretreatment of mesoporous carbon allows the depositing of a higher loading and a more dispersed cobalt active phase. We used graphitic ordered mesoporous carbon obtained by a hard-template method as active phase support. To obtain different surface concentrations and speciation of oxygen functional groups, we used a low-temperature oxygen plasma. The main methods used to characterize the studied materials were X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electrocatalytic tests in the oxygen evolution reaction. We have found that the oxidative pretreatment of mesoporous carbon influences the speciation of the deposited cobalt oxide phase. Moreover, the activity of the electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution is positively correlated with the relative content of the COO-type groups and negatively correlated with the CO-type groups on the carbon support. Furthermore, the high relative content of COO-type groups on the carbon support is correlated with the presence of well-dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles. The results obtained indicate that to achieve a better dispersed and thus more catalytically active material, it is more important to control the speciation of the oxygen functional groups rather than to maximize their total concentration.