Amine–Boranes: Green Hypergolic Fuels with Consistently Low Ignition Delays

Ramachandran, P. Veeraraghavan; Kulkarni, Ameya; Pfeil, Mark A.; Dennis, Jacob D.; Willits, Jared D.; Heister, Stephen D.; Son, Steven F.; Pourpoint, Timothée L.

doi:10.1002/chem.201405224

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[15,19,20] However, most of the reported hypergolic amine-boranes exhibiting ultrashort ignition delay times (IDs＜10 ms) with WFNA were solids or low-boiling liquids such as borane-triethylamine (TEAB) complex (3 ms) [19] and borane-trimethylamine complex (10 ms, detected by droplet test in Supporting Information). Meanwhile, borane/ionic-liquid solutions as hypergolic fuels reported by Gao et al [15,20] showed that TEAB was certainly among the most efficient additives for decreasing IDs of ILs.…”

Section: ) 4 ]mentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis and Improved Properties of Hypergolic Boronium‐Based Ionic Liquids

Lü

Wang

et al. 2016

Chin. J. Chem.

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A series of asymmetric monoimidazolium dihydroboronium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized from amine-boranes. All the resulting ILs were fully characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis or high resolution mass spectrum. Compared with the symmetric bisimidazolium dihydroboronium-based ILs, these new ILs exhibited improved properties with shorter ignition delay times (IDs), higher densities, and lower phase transition temperature showing the promising application potential as green propellants.

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Section: ) 4 ]mentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis and Improved Properties of Hypergolic Boronium‐Based Ionic Liquids

Lü

Wang

et al. 2016

Chin. J. Chem.

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“…9 Triethylamine is hypergolic with WFNA and the IDT has been measured as low as 18 ms, significantly lower than most amines. 3 Several researchers have determined that the inclusion of borane groups can improve the IDT of ionic liquids and amines. 3,10 Ramachandran et al showed that the inclusion of a borane group with triethylamine, making TEAB, further reduces the IDT with WFNA to only 3.4 ms. 3 Willits et al compared the engine performance characteristics of TEAB and estimated only a 10 s deficiency in I sp when compared to MMH/RFNA.…”

Section: B Triethylamine Boranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In the past 5 years, Ramachandran et al extensively tested amine-boranes to determine fuel candidates with low IDT when reacting with white fuming nitric acid (WFNA). 3 Many of the amine boranes tested are solid and Pfeil et al consider using ethylenediamine bisborane as a hypergolic hybrid fuel additive. 4 One of the fuels considered by Ramachandran et al, triethylamine borane (TEAB), is liquid and has an IDT within 1 ms of the IDT of MMH/NTO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Water and Humidity on Hypergolic Propellant Ignition Delay

Zarbo¹,

Belal²,

Pourpoint³

2015

51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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Triethylamine borane (TEAB) and white fuming nitric acid (WFNA) is a promising hypergolic propellant combination being studied as an alternative to monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA). Nitric acid and MMH are both known to be hygroscopic and their performance is affected by their water content. However, the effect of water on TEAB is yet to be determined. The goal of this research is to characterize the major consequences of water presence on the ignition and combustion performance of TEAB and to compare those results to MMH. TEAB samples are put through accelerated aging in humid and dry environments. Along with the aged TEAB, neat TEAB and neat MMH are used in drop on pool tests with WFNA. The drop tests are conducted by controlling the relative humidity to either below 25% or above 90% and the water concentration in WFNA to either 0% or 10% by weight. Ignition and combustion events are recorded using a photodiode, a microphone, a high speed camera, and a UV streak camera spectrometer. Statistical analysis is applied to the data to determine significant parameters and trends. While relative humidity does not appear to affect the combustion of TEAB with WFNA, water concentration in the oxidizer significantly weakens it. Relative humidity improves MMH ignition delay time and water concentration shows no effect. Nomenclature c* = characteristic velocity IDT = ignition delay time I sp = specific impulse MMH = monomethylhydrazine NTO = dinitrogen tetroxide PTFE = polytetrafluoroethylene RFNA = red fuming nitric acid RH = relative humidity TEAB = triethylamine borane WFNA = white fuming nitric acid = expansion area ratio  = density

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“…The high hydrogen capacity could also make guanidinium octahydrotriborate a green hypergolic fuel. [37][38][39][40] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guanidinium octahydrotriborate: an ionic liquid with high hydrogen storage capacity

Chen

Huang

et al. 2015

J. Mater. Chem. A

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For chemical hydrogen storage, capacity is one key criterion that has spurred intense efforts to investigate compounds with high hydrogen content. The guanidinium cation and the octahydrotriborate anion possess 6 H + and 8 H -, respectively. The combination of these two ions yields guanidinium octahydrotriborate with 13.8 wt% hydrogen. This paper presents its facile synthesis, as confirmed by 11 B and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that guanidinium octahydrotriborate is an ionic liquid with a melting point below -10°C, which makes it a possible injectable/pumpable hydrogen carrier. It decomposes selectively to hydrogen, in stark contrast to the formation of various boranes from related solid octahydrotriborates. The much improved H 2 purity can be ascribed to the more effective combination of H + and H -, and the higher H + /H -ratio in liquid guanidinium octahydrotriborate.

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Amine–Boranes: Green Hypergolic Fuels with Consistently Low Ignition Delays

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Synthesis and Improved Properties of Hypergolic Boronium‐Based Ionic Liquids

Synthesis and Improved Properties of Hypergolic Boronium‐Based Ionic Liquids

Effect of Water and Humidity on Hypergolic Propellant Ignition Delay

Guanidinium octahydrotriborate: an ionic liquid with high hydrogen storage capacity

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