Ameliorative Effect of Omega-3 on Energy Drinks - Induced Pancreatic Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Abstract

Background: The world wide increasing popularity of the energy drinks and the lack of information about their possible hazardous effects on health is a matter of controversy and research. The aim of this study is to assess the histological and histochemical effects of energy drinks on the pancreas of adult male albino rats and the possible protective effect of omega-3. Material and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. First group is control. Second group (Omega-3 treated) rats received omega-3 at a dose of 300 mg /kg/day orally for 4 weeks. Third group (Red Bull treated) rats received Red Bull at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks then they were randomly subdivided into two equal subgroups: IIIA, rats were sacrificed after 24 h of the last dose and in IIIB (Recovery group), rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks of the last dose .Fourth group (Omega-3 and Red Bull treated group) rats received Red Bull at a dose of 10mg/kg/ day and Omega-3 at a dose of 300mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. At sacrifice, blood samples were drawn for biochemical study and pancreas specimens were prepared for histological and histochemical study. Results: Energy drink had no significant effect on the animal weight (P = 0.055), but there was highly significant increase in the pancreatic weight (P = 0.001) and in mean blood glucose level (P = 0.000). There were signs of β cells overstimulation. Histological and histochemical study of the pancreatic sections revealed multiple deleterious effects of the energy drink on the acinar and the islet cells. These changes were reversible as shown in the recovery group. Co-administration of Omega-3 showed marked protection of the pancreatic acini and the islets of Langerhans. Conclusion: Omega-3 administration has a highly protective effect on the pancreatic tissue against the hazardous effects of the energy drinks.

Effect of Formaldehyde on The Structure of The Lung and Heart and The Possible Protective Effect of Omega- 3 (Histological and immune-histochemical study)

“…In the present study, the gross morphological study of the lungs exposed to formaldehyde revealed irregular convoluted surfaces of most lungs, increased congestion, and appearance of masses. These results are in agreement with previous studies whereas rats were exposed to formaldehyde for different durations which showed congestion in most lobes and focal pneumonic organization (Khaliq and Tripathi, 2009;Afrin et al, 2016;El Desouky et al, 2019).…”

“…Group III (Formaldehyde and Omega-3 group): included 10 adult male rats subjected to formaldehyde inhalation as Group II and orally administered with 300 mg/kg/day of Omega-3 for 4 weeks using sterilized rats stomach tube. (El Desouky et al, 2019). After 24 hours from the last dose, rats were anesthetized using ether inhalation, carefully dissected, and the specimens from the lung and the left ventricle of the heart were taken.…”

Hepatic Changes under the Effect of Red Bull Energy Drinks and its Withdrawal in Adult Male Albino Rats (Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

“…Majority of these effects were reversible after the energy drink was stopped, according to the current study. El Desouky et al [34] found similar results when they looked at the histological and histochemical effects of energy drinks on the pancreas of adult albino rats. This was reinforced by Akande and Banjoko [17] , who elucidated that the harm caused by excessive use of caffeinated energy drinks is reversible, as evidenced by blood chemistry analysis and histological examination of the organs of recovery group animals.…”

Histopathological changes in kidney and pancreas induced by energy drinks in adult male rats

“…Sadowska (26) and El Desouky et al (27) mentioned that high concentration of sugar besides niacin in the energy drink may alter carbohydrate metabolism following their intake leading to increscent in the level of glucose and insulin in the blood accompanied by insulin resistance. This may explain the reason of the enlarged size of islets following consumption of low dose of red bull as a compensatory mechanism to reduce the high level of blood sugar by secreting more insulin.…”