Background and Objectives: Testicular torsion is an emergency. Thus, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are fundamental to avoid irreversible testicular damage. The present study aimed to throw more light on the histological alterations in adult albino rat's ipsilateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion and detorsion (T/D) and to demonstrate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injection on these alterations. Materials and Methods: Twenty seven adult healthy male albino rats were divided into 3 main equal groups: Group I (Control group), Group II (T/D): the rats were surgically operated to perform T/D and Group III (T/D+MSCs): the animals were injected with MSCs in tail vein at the end of the surgery. All rats were sacrificed ten weeks from the start of the experiment and testis specimens were processed to be examined by light and electron microscope. Blood specimens were taken to measure serum testosterone level. Results: Degenerative changes were observed in spermatogenic and Sertoli cells of T/D group and were associated with statistical significant reduction in serum testosterone level, height of germinal epithelium, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and vimentin immunoexpression. These changes were observed to be reduced in T/D+MSCs group. Conclusions: MSCs treatment could protect the spermatogenic and Sertoli cells from degenerative changes in testis after T/D in adult albino rats. Hence, MSCs therapy could be considered as a promising therapeutic tool to preserve spermatogenesis in cases of testicular T/D and should be more studied either on experimental animals or human.

Background: Red bull (RB) energy drinks became popular especially among young adults believing that they improve the level of performance and giving them more energy. Objectives: One of the organs most susceptible to the toxicity of red bull is the liver. Therefore, the goal of our study was to assess the effects of RB ingestion on the livers of adult male albino rats as well as the consequences of its withdrawal. Materials and Methods: Thirty six adult male albino rats were divided into 3 groups; control group, Red bull given group (received red bull in a dose 1.5 ml/100g b.wt daily orally for 4 weeks) and withdrawal group (received red bull as in Red bull group and left for 4 weeks without treatment). Specimens of the liver were taken from all groups and processed for the light, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study. Morphometric measurements and statistical analyses were done. Results: Red bull given group displayed a significantly higher serum level of liver enzymes in comparison to the control group. Loss of the typical liver architecture was noticed through histopathological analysis in the same group; most hepatocytes were degenerated with pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolations.Lipid droplets infiltration was noticed between hepatocytes. Leucocytic infiltration surrounding central vein and vessels of portal area with eosinophilic exudate within and between portal area vessels were seen. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated a significant increase in alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) .The ultrastructural assessment confirmed these changes. However, cessation of RB intake showed improvement in the liver histopathological and biochemical changes depicted previously. Conclusion:Hepatocytes affected by ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks. But as seen by the withdrawal group's blood and histopathology study results, these harmful effects were reversible.

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Tributyltin is commonly used in many industrial applications. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Tributyltin on the structure and function of the thyroid glands of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of Lycopene. Twenty-one adult male albino rats were classi ed into three groups: Control, treated that received tributyltin and protective that received lycopene with tributyltin. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were subjected to a hormonal assay of total T3, T4 and thyrotropin (TSH). The tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated. Additionally, the samples of thyroid gland tissue were processed for histological and immunohistochemical study. The collected results underwent morphometric and statistical analysis. The treated group showed deterioration of thyroid functions with thyroid structural changes as vacuolated cytoplasm, dark nuclei and vacuolated colloid. There was increase in the immunoexpression of caspase 3 and decrease in the immunoexpression of beclin 1. Administration of Lycopene showed improvement in the biochemical parameters and thyroid structure. Lycopene has a protective role against tributyltin-induced thyroid gland damage.

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Tributyltin is commonly used in many industrial applications. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Tributyltin on the structure and function of the thyroid glands of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of Lycopene. Twenty-one adult male albino rats were classified into three groups: Control, treated that received tributyltin and protective that received lycopene with tributyltin. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were subjected to a hormonal assay of total T3, T4 and thyrotropin (TSH). The tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated. Additionally, the samples of thyroid gland tissue were processed for histological and immunohistochemical study. The collected results underwent morphometric and statistical analysis. The treated group showed deterioration of thyroid functions with thyroid structural changes as vacuolated cytoplasm, dark nuclei and vacuolated colloid. There was increase in the immunoexpression of caspase 3 and decrease in the immunoexpression of beclin 1. Administration of Lycopene showed improvement in the biochemical parameters and thyroid structure. Lycopene has a protective role against tributyltin-induced thyroid gland damage.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prominent cause of death worldwide. Infliximab is one of the anti-TNF-α; herein, we studied the effect of infliximab on adenine-induced CKD. To inspect the role of infliximab, either ameliorative or curative, on CDK induced with adenine. Thirty Wistar albino rats were separated into five groups of 6 rats’ each: rats of group Ι were kept as control given saline, rats of group II were treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 weeks, rats of group ΙΙΙ (the diseased group) had an adenine containing diet (0.25% W/W in feed) for 5 weeks, rats of group ΙV (the ameliorative group) had an adenine-containing diet and infliximab (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 weeks simultaneously, and rats of group V (the curative group) had adenine containing diet then a single dose of infliximab (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was given in the 6th week. Infliximab treatment revealed a decrease in the plasma levels of urea, creatinine, NGAL, and MDA with a substantial increase in TAC. Also, inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and NF-κB were significantly decreased with the down-regulation of the ASK1/MAPK/JNK pathway. Caspase 3 was downregulated. Also, infliximab treatment exhibited improvement in the histological and immunohistochemical kidney changes. Through its involvement in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, infliximab has an ameliorative and curative effect on CKD induced with adenine.

Background and Objectives: Methotrexate (MTX) is a worldwide drug used to treat neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases despite its severe side-effects. The present study aimed to throw more light on the MTX effects on cardiac muscle of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of L-citrulline. Materials and Methods: Thirty Adult male albino rats were used and equally divided into three Groups: Group I: control, Group II (MTX treated), Group III (MTX and L-citrulline treated). Left ventricular specimens were prepared for H and E, Mallory trichrome staining, immunohistochemical analysis for TLR2 and electron microscope examination. Results: Cardiac muscles of MTX treated rats (Group II) showed histological, ultrastructural and histochemical changes such as dark stained nuclei, vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei, loss of striations and interrupted intercalated disc. Increased collagen fibers were also found. Minimal changes were observed in Group III (MTX and L-citrulline treated). Conclusion:MTX has a deleterious effect on rat cardiac muscle and administration of L-citrulline has a protective effect.