Ameliorative effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. on hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus and glucose uptake in mouse C2C12 myoblasts

Abstract

Ruellia tuberosa L. (RTL) exhibits a wide range of phytochemical activities, for example, on treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), in Orient. There is, however, few study regarding the effect of RTL on glycemic‐related homeostasis in type 2 DM (T2DM). We investigated the effect of RTL aqueous and ethanolic extracts on hypoglycemia in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed plus streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced T2DM rats, and examined the effect of RTL on glucose uptake in tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced insulin‐resistant mouse C2C12 myoblasts, a mouse skeletal muscle cell line. The administration of 100 or 400 mg kg BW−1 day−1 of RTL aqueous or ethanolic extracts once a day for 4 weeks significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and the insulin resistance (IR) index in diabetic rats. RTL either aqueous or ethanolic extract at a concentration of 25–800 μg/ml significantly improved glucose uptake in insulin‐resistant mouse C2C12 myoblasts, indicating inhibiting the IR in skeletal muscles. These evidences suggest that RTL ameliorates hyperglycemia in HFD/STZ‐induced T2DM rats may be attributed to the alleviation of IR in skeletal muscles.

Alleviative effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. on NAFLD and hepatic lipid accumulation via modulating hepatic de novo lipogenesis in high‐fat diet plus streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

“…Moreover, RTL may also possess the ability to regulate blood glucose and lipid balance in alloxan-induced diabetic rats (Manikandan, Arokia, & Doss, 2010;Rajan, Kumar, Kumar, Swathi, & Haritha, 2012). Our previous study revealed that RTL ameliorates hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM rats (Ko et al, 2018(Ko et al, , 2019. However, there are limited studies in the literature focusing on the effect of RTL on hepatic lipid metabolism in T2DM.…”

Identification of Bioactive Components from Ruellia tuberosa L. on Improving Glucose Uptake in TNF-α-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mouse FL83B Hepatocytes

“…The extraction protocol was based on our previous methods, with slight modifications [ 7 , 9 ]. One gram of RTL stems and leaves were extracted with 6 ml distilled water and methanol (1 : 6, w / v ) at 4°C for 72 h and filtered using a cheese cloth.…”

“…IR was induced according to a method described previously [ 7 , 14 ]. FL83B cells were seeded in 10 cm dishes and incubated at 37°C for 48 h to reach 80% confluences.…”

“…The cells were then transferred to another F12K medium containing 5 mm glucose, without (basal) or with 200 μ m insulin and 10 μ l different RTL fractions and incubated for 30 min at 37°C. An assay of glucose uptake was then performed as described previously [ 7 ]. The fluorescence intensity of the cell suspension was evaluated using flow cytometry (FACScan, Becton Dickinson, Bellport, NY, USA) at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm and an emission wavelength of 542 nm.…”

“…Ruellia tuberosa L. (RTL) is a herb plant that has been used as folk medicine to cure diabetes in Asian countries for decades. Our previous studies have demonstrated that RTL aqueous or ethanolic extracts can significantly improve glucose uptake in C2C12 myoblasts, alleviate the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α -induced IR in skeletal muscles, and ameliorate hyperglycemia, IR indices, and aorta dysfunction in high-fat-diet-fed streptozotocin-induced T2DM rats [ 7 , 8 ]. Additionally, RTL ameliorated abnormal hepatic detoxification, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and lipid accumulation in the liver of T2DM rats [ 9 , 10 ].…”