Ambiguity and the abstract tact: A signal detection analysis

Abstract

Four observers who had completed a formal course in projective test techniques were asked to discriminate House-Tree-Person (H-T-P) drawings made by psychiatric patients from those made by nonpatients. A 4.5 kHz tone presentation was made contingent upon one of two

Problem solving, reasoning, and analytical thinking in a classroom environment.

“…Today's Morningside classroom integrates instruction in effective problem solving, reasoning, and analytical thinking, drawing primarily from the investigation of problem solving processes pioneered by Bloom (1950), Dewey (1933), Skinner (1957, 1969), Samson (1975) who credits Albert Upton's methods of 1933, Whimbey (1975), Whimbey and Lochhead (1991), Markle and Droege (1980), Heiman and Slomianko (1988), Robbins, Layng, and Jackson (1995), and Robbins (1996).…”

“…This paper describes work performed at a school serving special needs children, Morningside Academy, that has resulted in specific procedures developed over the past 15 years. These procedures include modifying “Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving”(after Whimbey & Lochhead, 1991) methods developed for college students so that they can be taught to young learners and by teaching a repertoire of “Fluent Thinking Skills” (Robbins, Layng, & Jackson, 1995) that emphasizes inquiry through questioning.…”

From the laboratory to the field and back again: Morningside Academy's 32 years of improving students' academic performance.

“…The middle school program explicitly teaches everything from textbook reading and studying and lecture note taking and studying to participating in class discussions, test taking, and essay and report writing. As students study, they use Robbins, Layng, and Jackson's (1995) Fluent Thinking Skills method. This method teaches students a specific question-generating and answer-predicting method that points out discrepancies between what they already know and any new learning that they need to do, greatly reducing their study time.…”

Tutorial: Understanding Concepts: Implications for Behavior Analysts and Educators

“…." (Robbins, Layng, & Karp, 1995). Thus, "abstract tact" (Robbins et al, 1995) could be substituted for "concept," but for clarity of presentation and correspondence to the cited literature, "concept" will be used.…”