Ambient Temperature  K  ‐ TiS2 Cell

Klemann, L. P.; Newman, Gerald H.

doi:10.1149/1.2123765

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Recently, Koch et al (10,11) showed that 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) was much less reactive toward Li than THF, and that higher Li cycling efficiency was obtained in 2-MeTHF containlng LiAsF~. Other ethers (or acetals) such as DME (12,13), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) (12)(13)(14)(15), and polymethoxymethanes ( 16) have also been proposed as the solvents of secondary lithium cells. Sometimes mixed solvents have been used to improve solubility of electrolytic salts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductivity of the LiBF4 / Mixed Ether Electrolytes for Secondary Lithium Cells

Matsuda

Morita

Yamashita

1984

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Electrolytic conductivity of LiBF4 has been studied in the mixed system of 1,3‐dioxolane with 1,2‐dimethoxyethane or with tetrahydrofuran. Relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of the solvents suggested the formation of associated ion pairs in the systems, but the conductivity measured was higher than that expected from the viewpoint of ionic association. Conductivity maxima were observed in the solutions containing about 1:1 (by volume) mixed solvents. Viscosities of the solvent and the solution were also measured, and their contribution to the conductivity change with the solvent composition was discussed. Solute concentration dependence of the molar conductivity was specific for the ether solutions. Apparent activation energy for conduction, which was determined by the temperature dependence of the conductivity, varied with LiBF4 concentration. Structural specificity of the mixed ether solutions was discussed with these parameters and 1H NMR spectra of the solutions.

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confidence: 99%

Conductivity of the LiBF4 / Mixed Ether Electrolytes for Secondary Lithium Cells

Matsuda

Morita

Yamashita

1984

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…From a specific energy point of view, batteries with insertion electrodes have the advantage that the overall cell process nM+ H ---> HMn [1] only includes a minimum of components, and no changes in overall electrolytic composition. The reaction at the positive electrode ~M + + ~e-+ HM~ ~ HM~+~ [2] is a topochemical reaction where the monovalent cation M + is inserted in the "host compound," H. 8 is an infinitesimal increment in the degree of insertion x and the compound HMx, for x ~< n, forms a single phase. Hence Eq.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence Eq. [2] can take place in both directions with a minimum of structural changes. This should make it possible to design secondary batteries with long cycle life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Composite Insertion Electrode: Theoretical Part. Equilibrium in the Insertion Compound and Linear Potential Dependence

Atlung

Zachau‐Christiansen

West

et al. 1984

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The specific energy obtainable by discharge of porous insertion electrodes is limited by electrolyte depletion in the pores. This can be overcome using a solid ion conductor as electrolyte. The term “composite” is used to distinguish these electrodes from porous electrodes with liquid electrolyte. The theoretical basis for such electrodes is discussed and, using a simplified model, equations are derived to describe the distribution of potential and current during discharge/charge operation. Under the assumption that the insertion compound particles are small enough to ensure equilibrium, and that the local electrode potential depends linearly on the degree of insertion, these equations are solved to obtain analytical expressions for the discharge curve. It is shown that the parameters which determine the discharge behavior for a given discharge current are simply related to the effective ionic and electronic conductivities, the thickness of the electrode, the volume fractions, and the slope of the potential curve.

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“…As previously stated, studies of sodium intercalation in inorganic layered material started at the end of the 1980s, in conjunction with lithium ones. They were both referred to cathode materials, TiS 2 [196] and P2-Na x CoO 2 , [197,198] for which sodium intercalation was confirmed and quantified, as well as anode sodium-lead alloys. Prototypes of full sodium-ion cells were also assembled demonstrating surprisingly high cyclability for more than 300 cycles at an operational potential slightly lower than 3.0 V. Precisely this latter feature, did not particularly draw the attention if compared to high voltage LiCoO 2 /graphite systems.…”

Section: Cathode Materials For Sibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Readiness Level of Sodium‐Ion Battery Technology: A Materials Review

Chen

Fiore

Wang

et al. 2018

Advanced Sustainable Systems

147

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IntroductionAs renewable energy sources are taking a wider share of worldwide energy production, [1] grids reliability and utilization efficiency are plummeting. [2,3] This is mainly due to intermittency and discontinuity of power sources, such as wind and solar, which determine uncertainties in energy production capability and in fulfilling the instantaneous energy demand. This aspect, in turn, sensibly increases the unpredictability of energy prices spikes and marginal and maintenance costs of traditional fossil fuel plants, which are demanded Since the breakthrough achieved in the research around material intercalating lithium, almost a decade has passed before the commercialization of the first lithium-ion battery (LIB). On the brink of an energy voracious future, convergence of scientific efforts over efficient and low-cost energy production and storage would be advantageous and beneficial. The research hovering around sodium-ion rechargeable batteries (SIBs), a more sustainable alternative to LIBs, has been observing a positive momentum for ten years now, and chemically stable and electrochemically performing anode and cathode materials represent important milestones on the path toward a commercial full-cell. Material science breakthroughs achieved in carbon and graphite based matrices, layered and open framework structures, and sodium storing alloys, disclose new full-cell set up opportunities going beyond traditional "rocking chair" configuration. In this contribution an in-depth analysis of chemical and physical principles lying beyond the energy storage provided by SIBs most recently investigated active materials is given. In the second half of the review, challenges, opportunities, and state-of-the art description of full-cell SIBs lab scale prototypes are discussed. The latter, indeed, stands for a technological validation of a low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries guaranteeing energy densities close to 150 Wh kg −1 . Sodium-Ion Batteriesdiscontinuously to provide for power unbalances between demand and supply. In general, resilience to these drawbacks would be higher providing an incremented flexibility from demand response resources, interregional energy transmission, and energy storage. Plenty of energy storage systems (ESS) are being utilized to curb renewable energy sources intermittency. Among them, worth to be listed are hydroelectric (pumped hydro), mechanical (flywheels and compressed air), and electrochemical (lead-acid, Na-S, Na-NiCl 2 , and Li-ion batteries). [4] Nevertheless not all the previously cited energy storage technologies are comparable one with another in terms of scalability, environmental impact, investment costs, maintenance, and moreover, responsivity to energy needs. Batteries energy storage, directly suppling electric energy without requiring any mechanical-to-electrical energy transducer, surely represents the most versatile appliance. In particular, intrinsic flexibility of modern Li-ion batteries coupled to renewable power plants, ensures the proper response not...

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Ambient Temperature K ‐ TiS2 Cell

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Conductivity of the LiBF4 / Mixed Ether Electrolytes for Secondary Lithium Cells

Conductivity of the LiBF4 / Mixed Ether Electrolytes for Secondary Lithium Cells

The Composite Insertion Electrode: Theoretical Part. Equilibrium in the Insertion Compound and Linear Potential Dependence

Readiness Level of Sodium‐Ion Battery Technology: A Materials Review

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