“…Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are distributed worldwide (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). In the Great Lakes region, PCDDs and PCDFs have been identified in sediments (17), air (18,19), water (8), fish (20)(21)(22), reptiles (23,24), birds (20,(25)(26)(27), and mammals (28). Few studies, however, have investigated long-term temporal changes in levels of these compounds in Great Lakes biota or examined large-scale geographic differences in PCDD/PCDF contamination in biota from this region.…”