Temporal Trends and Sources of PCDDs and PCDFs in the Great Lakes: Herring Gull Egg Monitoring, 1981-1991

Hebert, Craig E.; Norstrom, Ross J.; Simon, M.; Braune, Birgit M.; Weseloh, D. V.; Macdonald, C.R.

doi:10.1021/es00056a014

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Local pulp mill and chlorophenol inputs account for the particular pattern and elevated levels of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs in bald eagles and other wildlife from the Strait of Georgia [16,20,47], compared to similar samples from other North American and European sites [15,48,49]. In particular, bald eagle yolk sacs contained high concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDF, which is reported elsewhere at only nominal levels in wildlife samples.…”

Section: Patterns and Trends Of Pcdd Pcdf And Pcb Contaminants In Ymentioning

confidence: 86%

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Elliott

Hart²,

Cheng³

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

101

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Abstract-During the 1992 breeding season, eggs of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) were collected within a gradient of exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants, particularly from pulp mill point sources, on the southern coast of British Columbia, Canada. Twenty-five eggs were placed in a laboratory incubator, of which 18 hatched; chicks were sacrificed within 24 h. Hatching success was not significantly different between eggs taken from pulp mill sites and reference sites. A hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) cross-reactive protein was induced nearly sixfold in chicks from near a pulp mill at Powell River compared to those from a reference site (p Ͻ 0.05). Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase (BROD) activities were also significantly elevated in chicks from nests located near pulp mills compared to reference sites (p Ͻ 0.0005 and p Ͻ 0.02, respectively). A hepatic CYP2B cross-reactive protein was threefold higher in chicks from pulp mill versus reference sites, but the difference was not significant. Residual yolk sacs of eggs collected near pulp mill sites contained greater concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) compared to reference areas. No significant differences in concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), non-ortho congeners, and organochlorine pesticides occurred among sites. Regressions showed that the hepatic CYP1A cross-reactive protein and EROD and BROD activities were positively correlated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, and toxic equivalents (TEQs WHO -World Health Organization toxic equivalence factors) in yolk sacs. No significant concentration-related effects were found for morphological, physiological, or histological parameters, such as chick growth, edema, or density of thymic lymphocytes. Using hepatic CYP1A induction as a biomarker, a no-observedeffect-level (NOEL) of 100 ng/kg and a lowest-observed-effect-level (LOEL) of 210 ng/kg TEQs WHO on a whole egg (wet weight basis) are suggested for bald eagle chicks.

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Section: Patterns and Trends Of Pcdd Pcdf And Pcb Contaminants In Ymentioning

confidence: 86%

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Elliott

Hart²,

Cheng³

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

101

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“…Environmental and tissue levels of some EDCs, such as DDT and its analogs, and PCBs, have declined in some countries and in most areas of the United States in response to regulation (171)(172)(173)(174)(175)(176)(177)(178). Uncertainty still exists regarding future trends of these compounds, however, because of offshore inputs and releases from stored materials.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Needs for the Risk Assessment of Health and Environmental Effects of Endocrine Disruptors: A Report of the U.S. EPA-Sponsored Workshop

Kavlock¹,

Daston²,

DeRosa³

et al. 1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

248

186

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The hypothesis has been put forward that humans and wildlife species have suffered adverse health effects after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Reported adverse effects include declines in populations, increases in cancers, and reduced reproductive function. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a workshop in April 1995 to bring together interested parties in an effort to identify research gaps related to this hypothesis and to establish priorities for future research activities. Approximately 90 invited participants were organized into work groups developed around the principal reported health effects-carcinogenesis, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity-as well as along the risk assessment paradigm-hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Attention focused on both ecological and human health effects. In general, the group felt that the hypothesis warranted a concerted research effort to evaluate its validity and that research should focus primarily on effects on development of reproductive capability, on improved exposure assessment, and on the effects of mixtures. This report summarizes the discussions of the work groups and details the recommendations for additional research.Environ Health Perspect 1 04(Suppl 4): 715-740 (1996)

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“…Shortly thereafter, studies on the lower Great Lakes found further evidence of elevated contaminant levels and health effects in Herring Gulls (Gilbertson, 1974;Gilman et al, 1977). Since its inception as an indicator of chemical contamination for fish-eating wildlife on the Great Lakes, the Herring Gull has been used to track contaminant-related impacts on the health of fish-eating birds (Mineau et al, 1984;Grasman et al, 1996;Fox et al, 1998;Hebert et al, 1999a), temporal trends in contaminant concentrations (Weseloh et al, 1979;Hebert et al, 1994;Pekarik and Weseloh, 1998), model contaminant accumulation dynamics (Norstrom, 1986a,b), as a source of archival tissue to analyze for previously unknown contaminants in Great Lakes biota (2,3,7, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs], Norstrom et al, 1982Norstrom et al, , 2002 and track spatial patterns of contaminant distribution (Weseloh et al, 1979;Hebert et al, 1994). In this latter use, a specific analysis of the Great Lakes-wide data has not occurred in more than 20 years (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns and Rankings of Contaminant Concentrations in Herring Gull Eggs from 15 Sites in the Great Lakes and Connecting Channels, 1998–2002

Weseloh¹,

Pekarik²,

Solla³

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Mean values of eight contaminants in Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) eggs were calculated for 15 Great Lakes sites for the 5 year period 1998-2002. The sites were ranked according to the concentrations of each of seven compounds relative to fish flesh criteria for the protection of piscivorous wildlife, and a single overall rank of contamination was calculated for each site. Based on this weighted ranking scheme, we found that sum PCBs, dioxin and DDE contributed the most (60.2, 30.5% and 8.5%, respectively) to the overall rankings. The weighted ranking scheme showed that eggs from Channel-Shelter Island (Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron), Strachan Island (St. Lawrence River) and Gull Island (northern Lake Michigan) ranked as the three most contaminated sites, while Agawa Rocks (eastern Lake Superior), Chantry Island (southern Lake Huron) and Port Colborne (eastern Lake Erie) ranked as the three least contaminated sites. Two of the three most contaminated sites are Areas of Concern; none of the three least contaminated sites are Areas of Concern.

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Temporal Trends and Sources of PCDDs and PCDFs in the Great Lakes: Herring Gull Egg Monitoring, 1981-1991

Cited by 69 publications

References 61 publications

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks

Research Needs for the Risk Assessment of Health and Environmental Effects of Endocrine Disruptors: A Report of the U.S. EPA-Sponsored Workshop

Spatial Patterns and Rankings of Contaminant Concentrations in Herring Gull Eggs from 15 Sites in the Great Lakes and Connecting Channels, 1998–2002

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