Amazônia e modernidade

Souza, Márcio

doi:10.1590/s0103-40142002000200003

Cited by 8 publications

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“…farmacêuticas e de empresas biotecnológicas e de engenharia genética, que manifestam o desejo de que a Amazônia ofereça o que tem, mas que fique em seu lugar com suas características intactas (Souza, 2002).…”

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Os processos de desenvolvimento e desmatamento da Amazônia

Prates

Bacha

2011

Econ. soc.

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ResumoEste artigo analisa -com base na revisão da literatura existente e por meio da análise de dados secundários, realizando uma análise histórica desde a Colonização Portuguesa -as etapas de desenvolvimento da Região Amazônica e sua associação com a prática do desmatamento, destacando as políticas públicas que fomentaram o desenvolvimento da região e o atual avanço de sistemas produtivos orientados pelo estímulo econômico. Demonstra-se que o desenvolvimento populacional e econômico da Amazônia, citados como as principais causas do desmatamento e estimulados, em boa parte, por políticas econômicas, é um processo desuniforme no tempo e no espaço, gerando o desmatamento desigual entre os estados que compõem essa região e dentro de cada estado.Palavras-chave: Amazônia; Desenvolvimento; Políticas de desenvolvimento; Causas do desmatamento. Abstract The process of development and deforestation in AmazoniaBasing on the literature review and on published dataset and following the time chronology of the events since the Portuguese colonization, this paper analyzes the stages of Amazonian region development and its impacts on deforestation, highlighting the policies addressing to foster the Amazon's development and the current stage of economic activities. The population growth and the economic activities, pointed out as the main causes of the Amazonian deforestation and stimulated by economic policies, have been unequally developed inside the Amazonian region, generating the unequal deforestation process among the Amazonian states and inside each state.

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Os processos de desenvolvimento e desmatamento da Amazônia

Prates

Bacha

2011

Econ. soc.

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“…A ela acrescentamos também o fator exótico, mágico, de local inexplorado e de seres misteriosos "meio bicho, meio homem". As notícias que corriam no centro do reino lusitano e, por extensão, europeu era de um lugar onde os "fracos não tinham vez", em que para sobreviver era preciso desafiar a morte e as várias faces que ela oferecia na "hinterlândia amazônica" (SOUZA, 2002), um sertão profundo repleto de desafios que poderiam tirar a vida dos aventureiros inaptos.…”

Section: A Amazônia Real E Imaginária: Colonização Abandono E Exploraçãounclassified

Movimentos sociais e redes de mobilização na Amazônia

Fonseca¹

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This doctoral thesis has the general goal of mapping the main existing social movements in the Brazilian Amazon in the historical period which encompasses the last 50 years. To that end, we have done a brief analytical overview about the socio-cultural formation of the region, taking into consideration its colonization and exploitation process which began in the XVI century and, many years later, the social and economic effects of the first capitalist intervention in the Amazon from what became known as the "rubber cycle". Such a phenomenon deeply modified the socio-ethnic structures of this huge territory, generating a large migratory flow, especially of populations from the Brazilian Northeast. Another pertinent issue, in our opinion, and we support it in our work, is the importance of the presence of the Civil-Military Government in the Amazon starting in the 1960s. We believe that moment to be a paradigm shift and it in its scope are social phenomena and conflicts hitherto unknown in the region, creating an environment conducive to the emergence of several social movements and actors which consolidated themselves in many areas of the Amazon, mainly at the locus of our research, the surroundings of the BR-230, best known as the iconic Transamazonic highway, primarily around the city of Altamira (PA) and its historic juxtaposition of social and environmental conflicts. With this initial background outlined, our primary objective was to understand and analyze the social movements which take (or took) action against the construction of the Belo Monte Hydropower Plant, the lead infrastructure project developed by the Federal Government in the last decade. Our work supports the thesis that these movements organize themselves against Belo Monte (and other large projects in the Amazon region) through a complex interchange of social and political relationships borne of the interaction with other actors and social movements, a process mediated by communication systems (made possible by the internet) and pedagogical forms of non-formal education. We called this modus operandi "mobilization networks". Therefore, this research seeks to also analyze these networks and to identify their characteristics and protagonists.

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“…A região da Amazônia abriga a última floresta de dimensão continental no mundo (ROSS, 2006), e quanto ao seu uso, se identifica, no mínimo, dois grupos de atores: um com interesse no grande potencial de recursos, visando, dessa forma, sua extração e transformação; e o outro com interesse em sua preservação. Tais interesses poderiam ser conciliatórios, como o demonstrado pelas indústrias farmacêuticas e de empresas biotecnológicas e de engenharia genética, as quais manifestam o desejo de que a Amazônia ofereça o que tem, mas que fique em seu lugar com suas características intactas (SOUZA, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

O desmatamento desigual na Amazônia brasileira: sua evolução, suas causas e conseqüências sobre o bem-estar

Prates¹

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The unequal deforestation in the Amazonian Region: its evolution, causes and consequences on the welfare The thesis analysis Amazonian Region's deforestation, highlighting its unequal evolution among the Amazonian states and points out its causes as well as evaluates the impacts on welfare if the deforestation is reduced. The thesis is organized in three articles following the nonconversional form allowed by "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture. The first article, Amazonian region's Ocupation Process and its deforestation-basing on the literature review and on published dataset and following the time chronology of the events since the Portuguese colonization-analyzes the stages of Amazonian region development and its consequent deforestation, highlighting the policies addressing to foster the Amazon's development and the current stage of economic activities. The population growth and the economic activities, pointed out as the main causes of the Amazonian deforestation and stimulated by economic policies, have been unequally developed inside the Amazonian region, generating the unequal deforestation process among the Amazonian states and inside each state. The second article, Recent Determinants of Legal Amazonian Region's Deforestation, evaluates, by using econometric procedures, the causes of deforestation normally emphasized by the literature and considering the time period from 2000 to 2004. The analysis is conducted for the entire Amazonian region and for each of its nine states and using municipal dataset. All explanatory variables except roundwood extraction and expenses in agriculture showed statistically significant to explain deforestation in the entire Amazonian Region. However, the same does not take place for each Amazonian state, what explains the unequal deforestation among them. By the end, the paper suggests some policies to restrain deforestation. The third article, The Analysis of Relationship Between Deforestation and Population Welfare in the Legal Amazonian Region, examines the empirical relationship between Amazonian rainforest deforestation and local population welfare, measuring the impact on welfare if the deforestation area is reduced. A Municipal Human Development Index-IDH-M was used to measure welfare. Using 1995 Agriculture Census dataset, a Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated considering three production inputs: capital, land and labor. Applying a nonlinear programming method on the results came from the production function, the impacts of land constraints on agriculture and agribusiness incomes could be calculated, generating a new value of income for each Amazonian state. Combining the new values of income with education and life indexes, a new IDM-H was estimated for some Amazonian states. The results point out IDM-H has small reductions, despite of significant reductions on some states' income, if some restrains were established on arable land use.

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Amazônia e modernidade

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Os processos de desenvolvimento e desmatamento da Amazônia

Os processos de desenvolvimento e desmatamento da Amazônia

Movimentos sociais e redes de mobilização na Amazônia

O desmatamento desigual na Amazônia brasileira: sua evolução, suas causas e conseqüências sobre o bem-estar

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