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Keating, Caroline F.; Randall, David; Kendrick, Timothy; Gutshall, Katharine A.

doi:10.1023/a:1023962425692

Cited by 55 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…32, nº 1 (enero) 2010). Similarly, the female with larger eyes is perceived as more honest, which is consistent with other studies (e.g., AlAtoum & Simadi, 2000;Keating et al, 2003;Paunonen et al, 1999;Zebrowitz, Voinescu, & Collins, 1996). These outcomes seem to be based on the assumption that baby-faced adults personify traits of goodness and ingenuity (Zebrowitz et al, 1996).…”

Section: The Role Of Eye Size and Observer Gender On Initial Attractisupporting

confidence: 88%

“…These results support the idea that individuals with large eyes have a social advantage, because this facial trait functions as a heuristic for the inference of positive attributes (Keating, Randall, Kendrick, & Gutshall, 2003;Pettijohn & Tesser, 2005). These results are reinforced by evidence that adults are more likely to find women with neotenous facial features, especially large eyes, more attractive (e.g., Cunningham et al, 1995;Geldart et al, 1999;Gonçalves et al, 2012a;Pettijohn & Tesser, 2005).…”

Section: The Role Of Eye Size and Observer Gender On Initial Attractisupporting

confidence: 70%

“…These results are reinforced by evidence that adults are more likely to find women with neotenous facial features, especially large eyes, more attractive (e.g., Cunningham et al, 1995;Geldart et al, 1999;Gonçalves et al, 2012a;Pettijohn & Tesser, 2005). Human morphological development also supports the universality of this sort of perceptions (Keating et al, 2003). Human eyes become smaller with age and function as a heuristic for maturity (e.g., dominance or independence), whereas large eyes evoke youth traits (related to dependency, naivety or honesty).…”

Section: The Role Of Eye Size and Observer Gender On Initial Attractimentioning

confidence: 90%

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Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

et al. 2015

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Título: Júzgame, no me juzgues: el rol del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la violación por un conocido Resumen: El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el efecto del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la atracción inicial percibida, honestidad, y atribuciones de responsabilidad en la violación. Se probó un diseño experimental 3 (tamaño del ojo: pequeño vs. normal vs. grande) x 2 (género del observador: masculino vs. femenino). Noventa participantes (45 mujeres y 45 hombres) observaron una de tres caras femeninas asignadas al azar (con manipulación del tamaño de los ojos), y puntuaron la honestidad y atractivo inicial. Entonces se les pidió que leyeran un escenario de violación por conocido con una mujer tradicional, puntuando la responsabilidad de la víctima y del agresor. Se demostró que el tamaño del ojo afecta a todas las variables del estudio: el rostro femenino con ojos grandes fue visto como más atractivo y honesto, se consideró menos responsable de su propia victimización, y el delincuente se vio como más responsable. El género se ha demostrado que afecta a la percepción de atracción inicial y a la responsabilidad de la víctima. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas Palabras clave: Violación por un conocido; tamaño de los ojos; género del observador; atribución de responsabilidad; atractivo; honestidad. Abstract:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eye size and observer gender on perceived initial attraction, honesty, and attributions of responsibility for rape. A 3 (eye size: small vs. normal vs. large) x 2 (observer gender: female vs. male) experimental design was tested. Ninety participants (45 women and 45 men) observed one of three randomly assigned female faces (with eye size manipulation), and rated initial attraction and honesty. They were then asked to read an acquaintance rape scenario with a traditional woman, rating the victim and perpetrator responsibility. Eye size was shown to affect all the study variables: the female face with large eyes was seen as more attractive and honest, was held less responsible for her own victimization, and the offender was held more responsible. Gender was proven to affect perceived initial attraction and victim responsibility. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

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Section: The Role Of Eye Size and Observer Gender On Initial Attractisupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: The Role Of Eye Size and Observer Gender On Initial Attractisupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: The Role Of Eye Size and Observer Gender On Initial Attractimentioning

confidence: 90%

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Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

et al. 2015

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“…73 Supporters of the provisions against piracy, and other abuses in the trade, felt manufacturers who competed in terms of quality rather than price, would "stay in business longer, have a more decent existence, [make a more] legitimate profit by changing a dress design a little so he does not kill the sale of the other man, and will not have to sweat his labor." 74 According to Irene Blunt, Director of the Industrial Design Registration…”

Section: Quality Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Piracy and Self-Regulation: The Fashion Originators' Guild of America, 1932-1941

Marcketti

Parsons

2006

Clothing and Textiles Research Journal

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The concept of copying or “knocking off” another designer's idea is an accepted practice in the apparel industry. Legally, designers and manufacturers have had tenuous success in proving their work “original and novel” as required by U.S. patent laws, and copyright laws often do not apply to apparel. The speed of fashion change and reliance on repetition of ideas at various price points makes design protection difficult and controversial. Historically, arguments for and against measures to control copying of apparel most frequently divided along price lines. The Fashion Originators' Guild of America (FOGA, 1932-1941) developed one of the more successful attempts to control design piracy in the dress industry. This article examines the ethical, economic, and social considerations in arguments for and against design protection and analyzes the role of designers, manufacturers, retailers, and consumers in the initial success and ultimately the failure of the FOGA.

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“…In line with these findings, Eagly and Karau’s (2002) role congruity theory provides a framework that can be applied to formulate hypotheses on the effects of babyfacedness on leadership emergence: Whereas the leader role is predominantly characterized by agentic traits, such as being competitive, self-confident, aggressive, objective, and ambitious (see Koenig et al, 2011), people possessing a babyfaced physiognomy were described as less physically strong, less socially dominant, less astute (Zebrowitz McArthur and Apatow, 1983/1984), more naïve, and weaker compared with people possessing more mature faces (Keating et al, 2003; for a review, see Montepare and Zebrowitz, 1998). According to these findings, possessing a babyface is inconsistent with the characteristics required by a leadership role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Who Emerge as Leaders in Temporarily Assigned Work Groups: Attractive and Socially Competent but Not Babyfaced or Naïve?

2018

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The underrepresentation of women in top positions has been in the spotlight of research for decades. Prejudice toward female leaders, which decreases women’s chances of emerging as leaders, has been discussed as a potential reason. Aiming to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this prejudice, we focused on the question of how facial characteristics might influence women’s leadership emergence. Because other research has related ascribed social competence and ascribed naïveté to attractiveness and babyfacedness, respectively, we hypothesized that ascribed social competence would mediate the impact of ascribed attractiveness on leadership emergence and that ascribed naïveté would mediate the impact of ascribed babyfacedness on leadership emergence. In a pilot study, we analyzed data from 101 participants of a women’s leadership contest held in 2015 in Germany. We then confirmed these results in a methodologically improved main study on other women who participated in the contest in one of two other years: 2016 and 2017 (N = 195). Women applied to participate in the contest by recording their answers to several questions in a video interview. In the contest, they were assigned to teams of about ten women each and worked on several assessment-center-like tasks. After each task, each member of each team nominated the three women they believed showed the best leadership potential in their group. We operationalized women’s leadership emergence as the number of nominations received. We measured participants’ facial attractiveness, babyfacedness, social competence, and naïveté by having raters follow a specifically developed rating manual to rate the answers the women gave in the video interviews. In both studies, the results indicated that women with higher ascribed facial attractiveness had higher ascribed social competence, which significantly predicted leadership emergence in the contest. Likewise, women with higher ascribed babyfacedness had higher ascribed naïveté, which significantly, albeit only slightly, negatively predicted leadership emergence. We discuss the implications of the results for personnel selection.

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Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

Design Piracy and Self-Regulation: The Fashion Originators' Guild of America, 1932-1941

Women Who Emerge as Leaders in Temporarily Assigned Work Groups: Attractive and Socially Competent but Not Babyfaced or Naïve?

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