Alum Catalyzed Simple, Efficient, and Green Synthesis of 2‐[3‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐5‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1,5‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl]propanoic Acid Derivatives in Aqueous Media

Abstract

Alum (KAl(SO4)2 ·12H2O) is an inexpensive, efficient, and nontoxic catalyst used for the synthesis of 2-[3-amino-5-methyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]propanoic acid derivatives in aqueous media by the reaction of 3-acetyl pyridine (1), amino acids (2)/(6), and thiosemicarbazide (4) at 80°C. This methodology offers significant improvements for the synthesis of products with regards to the yield of products, simplicity in operation, and green aspects by avoiding toxic catalysts which uphold the motto of green chemistry. Synthesized compounds have been characterized by FT-IR, 13C NMR, and 1HNMR spectroscopy.

Green Preparation and Structure Elucidation of Spiro Indole Derivatives Using Grindstone Technique

“…In view of the wide range of biological activities associated with indole derivatives and in continuation of our work to develop simple and expeditious procedures for the synthesis of organic compounds, [26][27][28][29][30] we wish to report a highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of Spiro indole-pyranothiazole derivatives under solventfree conditions using grinding technique. Earlier, 25 we synthesized these compounds in the presence of piperidine/NiO nanoparticles as catalyst under microwave irradiation.…”

Alum as a Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bispyrazole Derivatives

“…Sustainable, or green, chemistry offers the potential of decreasing by-products, waste, and energy costs using benign methods that employ alternative reaction media to replace volatile and hazardous solvents commonly used in organic methodologies [1,2]. Nowadays, solvent-free and solvent-less organic reactions occupy an important place in the realm of green chemistry.…”

“…The efficiency of alum has been reported for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines [5], cis-isoquinolic acids [6], mono-and disubstituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones [7], dihydropyrimidine using the Biginelli reaction [8], coumarins [9], 5-arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione [10], dibenzoxanthenes [7], 1,5-benzodiazepines [11], trisubstitutedimidazoles [5] and 4-substituted coumarins using the Pechmann reaction [9]. Synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds has great value in natural and synthetic organic chemistry due to their therapeutic and pharmacological properties [2]. Compounds with pyrazolemoieties as nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems have received attention owing to their diverse biological activities.…”