Alum as a Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bispyrazole Derivatives

Khazaei, Ardeshir; Karimitabar, Fatemeh; Hamidi, Masoud

doi:10.3390/app6010027

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This study introduces the term "dreamland catalyst" to denote a heterogeneous catalyst which is a cheap, water-soluble, mild, efficient, safe, stable, nontoxic, reliable, incorruptible, recyclable and commercially available compound that can be used in the laboratory without special precautions (easy to use). Moreover, the catalyst has been commonly applied in several other synthetic reactions with good success, for example, including in the transesterification of palm oil [24], acylals [25], Azlactone [26]; coumarins [27], amides [28], β-acetamido ketones [29], novel bis[spiro(quinazoline-oxindole)] derivatives [30], and bispyrazole derivatives [31]. It was therefore decided to investigate alum (KAl(-SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O) in catalyzing certain synthetic reactions, this study assumed that this catalyst may be effective to catalyze the methoxylation of α-pinene to produce α-terpinyl methyl ether.…”

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confidence: 99%

Potassium Alum [KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O] solid catalyst for effective and selective methoxylation production of alpha-pinene ether products

Wijayati

Lestari

Wulandari

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Methoxylation is a relevant technological process applied in the production of high-value α-pinene derivatives.This report investigates the use of potassium alum [KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ⋅ 12H 2 O] as a catalyst in the methoxylation of α-pinene. In this study, the methoxylation reaction was optimized for the highest conversion of α-pinene and selectivity, assessed for the factors, catalyst loading (0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 g), volume ratio of α-pinene: methanol (1:4, 1:7, 1:10), reaction temperature (50, 55, 60 and 65 C), and reaction time (72, 144, 216, 288, 360 min). The highest selectivity of KAl(SO 4 ) 2 •12H 2 O in the methoxylation of α-pinene was achieved under an optimal condition of 1 g of catalyst loading, volume ratio of 1:10, as well as the reaction temperature and incubation time of 65 C and 6 h, respectively. GC-MS results revealed the yields of the methoxylated products from the 98.2% conversion of α-pinene, to be 59.6%, 8.9%, and 7.1% for α-terpinyl methyl ether (TME), fenchyl methyl ether (FME), bornyl methyl ether (BME), respectively. It was apparent that a lower KAl(SO 4 ) 2 •12H 2 O loading (0.5-1.5 g) was more economical for the methoxylation reaction. The findings seen here indicated the suitability of the KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ⋅ 12H 2 O to catalyze the methoxylation of α-pinene to produce an commercially important ethers.

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confidence: 99%

Potassium Alum [KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O] solid catalyst for effective and selective methoxylation production of alpha-pinene ether products

Wijayati

Lestari

Wulandari

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…Alum has been a veritable/useful catalyst in organic transformational reactions under heating/reflux and microwave irradiation resulting in myriads of synthetic derivatives with pharmacological and pharmaceutical applications [6,40]. Literature survey reveals that it serves as an efficient acid catalyst in implementing a galaxy of organic transformations and has attracted the attention of the synthetic chemists due to its inherent catalytic proficiency, low-cost, non-toxicity, and eco-friendliness.…”

Section: Alum As Catalyst In Organic Transformational Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Antimicrobial Properties of Alum and Sundry Applications

Amadi¹

2020

Act Scie Micro

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Potassium aluminium sulphate (PAS) commonly referred to as 'potash alum (PA)', 'alum' or 'tawas' has recently drawn the attention of the scientific community as an efficient, safe and eco-friendly inorganic compound, commercially available and cost effective.It demonstrated a high propensity of antimicrobial activity in a variety of systems traditionally and scientifically. Several In vitro and In vivo studies report that alum individually or in synergism have antimicrobial properties against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species and harnesses other activities beneficial to humans. This article has become crucial especially at a time when the world is bedevilled with antibiotic drug abuse resulting in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Alum, however, has found applications in a wide spectrum of human activities such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, textile and synthetic industries. This review presents an update of findings of this inorganic sulphate salt as an antimicrobial agent and miscellaneous applications.

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“…[8,[18][19][20] These compounds have been reported as biological active species which involve anticancer, antifungal, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, antibacterial, cancer chemopreventive, antiparasitic and antichagasagen activities. [19] Among the wide range of N-containing heterocyclic compounds, the pyrazolones and bispyrazolones were paid much attention for their various biological activities, such as antitumor, [21] antiinflammatory, [22] antifilarial agents, [23] dyes, [24] pesticides, [14] selective COX-2 inhibitory, [25] antibacterial [23] and fungicides. [15] Moreover, these compounds were used as extracting agents for some metal ions in analytical chemistry [26] and ligands in coordination chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zirconium@guanine@MCM‐41 nanoparticles: An efficient heterogeneous mesoporous nanocatalyst for one‐pot, multi‐component tandem Knoevenagel condensation–Michael addition–cyclization Reactions

Nikoorazm

Mohammadi

Khanmoradi

2020

Applied Organom Chemis

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MCM-41-supported nanoscale guanine bonded with Zr (IV) was prepared using sol-gel method and characterized by FT-IR, Raman, XRD, BET, TGA, EDX, ICP, AAS, X-Ray mapping, SEM and TEM techniques. This compound was employed as an efficient, chemoselectivity and green heterogeneous catalyst in order to prepare a series of benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c] phenazine and spiro[benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c] phenazine] derivatives by one-pot, four-component domino reaction from the 2-hydroxy-1,-4-naphthoquinone, benzene-1,2-diamines, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and carbonyl compounds in PEG, at 100 C and, also, Bis (pyrazolyl) methane derivatives using aldehydes and 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone in ethanol under reflux condition. Results indicated that all products were synthesized in short reaction times and high yields in the ranges 78-99%. The Zr-guanine-MCM-41 can be recycled four runs without any significant loss of its catalytic activity. In addition, the stability of the catalyst was confirmed by metal leaching, heterogeneity tests, SEM and FT-IR techniques. K E Y W O R D S benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazines, Bis (pyrazolyl)methanes, Spiro[benzo[a] benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c] phenazine], Tandem Knoevenagel condensation-Michael additioncyclization, Zr-guanine-MCM-41

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Alum as a Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bispyrazole Derivatives

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Potassium Alum [KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O] solid catalyst for effective and selective methoxylation production of alpha-pinene ether products

Potassium Alum [KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O] solid catalyst for effective and selective methoxylation production of alpha-pinene ether products

A Review of Antimicrobial Properties of Alum and Sundry Applications

Zirconium@guanine@MCM‐41 nanoparticles: An efficient heterogeneous mesoporous nanocatalyst for one‐pot, multi‐component tandem Knoevenagel condensation–Michael addition–cyclization Reactions

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