Alternative to Conventional Edible Oil Sources: Cold Pressing and Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Kernel Seed

Abstract

Plum (Prunus domestica L.) is a fruit widely cultivated across Europe and its processing generates a considerable amount of waste in form of discharged plum kernels. This creates a new opportunity to exploit plum kernels in order to provide an alternative to conventional edible oils. The main aim of this study was to obtain high-quality oil from plum kernel seeds by applying traditional cold pressing (CP) and supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO 2) extraction as a modern technology. The obtained oils were characterized based on the chemical composition of fatty acids and tocopherols. In obtained oils, twelve fatty acids were identified. The oleic acid was the most dominant in both oils (68.66% in oil obtained by ScCO 2 , 65.86% in oil obtained by CP), followed by linoleic acid (22.24-25.44%). While total tocopherols content in oil obtained by ScCO 2 was 4 to 5.8-fold higher than CP. The results proved that the utilization of plum kernel seeds possess high potential as an alternative oil source due a high amount of oleic acid and tocopherols and a low amount of saturated fatty acids and amygdalin.

The Potential of Plum Seed Residue: Unraveling the Effect of Processing on Phytochemical Composition and Bioactive Properties

“…As previously reported, plum kernel oils are well known for their desirable lipid profile composed mostly of oleic and linoleic acid, with multiple benefits for human health [ 6 , 8 , 17 ].…”

“…According to the nutritional composition, the principal component of these seed by-products from plum brandy processing are oils, which are commonly recovered via Soxhlet extraction with n -hexane used as a solvent [ 6 ]. Particularly, plum seed oils stand out for their high content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), mainly oleic acid (C18:1n9c) (60–73%) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) (16–31%) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. These fatty acids positively contribute to the healthy lipid indexes of the oils (desirable fatty acid (DFA), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (H/H) ratio, atherogenicity (AI), and thrombogenicity (TI)).…”

Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids to Valorize Industrial Fruit and Vegetable Waste

“…SC-CO 2 extract also leads to 4–5.8 times higher tocopherol content than cold-pressing extract. This alternative oil source found its potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to low saturated FAs and amygdalin content [ 13 ].…”

“…It has found broad application in the extraction of diverse nutrients and bioactive compounds from an array of food processing byproducts. Notably, it has been employed to extract polyunsaturated fatty acids from apple [ 10 ], avocado [ 11 ], guava [ 12 ], plum [ 13 ], and passion fruit [ 14 ] byproducts; carotenoids from vegetable and fruit peels [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]; and polyphenol antioxidant bioactive substances from fruit processing byproducts [ 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. SFE is versatile in its utility, not merely as a standalone method but also in conjunction with other extraction technologies.…”

Supercritical CO2extraction ofMarrubium vulgare: intensification of marrubiin

“…12 In addition, supercritical CO 2 (SC) extraction offers benets which include complete removal of solvents residues in products, and more efficient and selective isolation of compounds. [12][13][14][15] Although SC has been investigated extensively for the recovery of bioactive compounds from numerous medicinal plants, there are no unique SC parameters for the optimal recovery of bioactive constituents from different types of natural materials due to the signicant differences in material type, way of cultivation, and other factors.…”