Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids to Valorize Industrial Fruit and Vegetable Waste

Abstract

The valorization of industrial fruit and vegetable waste has gained significant attention due to the environmental concerns and economic opportunities associated with its effective utilization. This review article comprehensively discusses the application of subcritical and supercritical fluid technologies in the valorization process, highlighting the potential benefits of these advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive compounds and unconventional oils from waste materials. Novel pressurized fluid extraction techniques offer significant advantages over conventional methods, enabling effective and sustainable processes that contribute to greener production in the global manufacturing sector. Recovered bio-extract compounds can be used to uplift the nutritional profile of other food products and determine their application in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Valorization processes also play an important role in coping with the increasing demand for bioactive compounds and natural substitutes. Moreover, the integration of spent material in biorefinery and biorefining processes is also explored in terms of energy generation, such as biofuels or electricity, thus showcasing the potential for a circular economy approach in the management of waste streams. An economic evaluation is presented, detailing the cost analysis and potential barriers in the implementation of these valorization strategies. The article emphasizes the importance of fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers to enable the widespread adoption of these promising technologies. This, in turn, will contribute to a more sustainable and circular economy, maximizing the potential of fruit and vegetable waste as a source of valuable products.

Review of Carrier-Free Self-Assembly of Anticancer Nanodrugs

“…218,219 Moreover, the production of self-assembled nanodrugs in laboratories is mostly based on the nanoprecipitation method, which has too many influencing factors that make it difficult to comprehensively consider and thus arrive at the best preparation conditions, which makes the transformation to industrial mass production very difficult. This situation has improved somewhat in recent years, due to the development of various preparation methods such as spraydrying, 220,221 supercritical fluid (SCF), 222,223 and wet media milling. 224 Moreover, the release of self-assembled nanodrugs has been an important issue.…”

“…But, with the advances in molecular simulation technology, we are now able to simulate the formation of self-assembly between molecules through accurate molecular simulation models and use the results obtained from the simulations to guide further experimental design. , Moreover, the production of self-assembled nanodrugs in laboratories is mostly based on the nanoprecipitation method, which has too many influencing factors that make it difficult to comprehensively consider and thus arrive at the best preparation conditions, which makes the transformation to industrial mass production very difficult. This situation has improved somewhat in recent years, due to the development of various preparation methods such as spray-drying, , supercritical fluid (SCF), , and wet media milling …”